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| 1 | Asteroids: The Minor Planets | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | What Is an Asteroid?
Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the sun. Although asteroids orbit the sun like planets, they are much smaller than planets. Most of them live in the main asteroid belt—a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids hang out in other places, too. For example, some asteroids are found in the orbital path of planets. This means that the asteroid and the planet follow the same path around the sun. Earth and a few other planets have asteroids like this.
Where did asteroids come from?
Asteroids are leftover from the formation of our solar system. Our solar system began about 4.6 billion years ago when a big cloud of gas and dust collapsed. When this happened, most of the material fell to the center of the cloud and formed the sun.
Some of the condensing dust in the cloud became planets. The objects in the asteroid belt never had the chance to be incorporated into planets. They are leftovers from that time long ago when planets formed.
Are all asteroids the same?
No way! Because asteroids formed in different locations at different distances from the sun, no two asteroids are alike.
- Asteroids aren’t all round like planets. They have jagged and irregular shapes.
- Some asteroids are hundreds of miles in diameter, but many more are as small as pebbles.
- Most asteroids are made of different kinds of rocks, but some have clays or metals, such as nickel and iron.
What can we learn from asteroids?
These space rocks can give scientists lots of information about the history of the planets and the sun. Scientists can learn about asteroids by studying meteorites: tiny bits of asteroids that have flown through our atmosphere and landed on Earth’s surface.
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| 2 | Types of Trains | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | A train is a set of railway cars. Some trains carry people. Others carry goods. Trains can move along one track or two.
Freight Train
It carries heavy goods. Freight trains often travel long distances.
Monorail
It runs on one track instead of two. Monorails are powered by electricity. They are often used at airports and amusement parks.
Subway Train
People in big cities ride subway trains. These trains are powered by electricity. They run underground.
Did You Know?
Trains can move very fast. They can’t stop quickly. That’s why there are signs and signals at railroad crossings. Always pay attention to these signs and signals. They help people stay safe.
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| 3 | Odissi Dance, Orissa (Eastern India) | NewsFeed/Article | STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Odissi is one of the eight Indian Classical Dances. Odissi Dance originates from the Indian state of Odisha.
According to Natya Shastra, ‘Odhra Magadha’ is the earliest form of present-day Odissi Dance.
It is a sensuous and lyrical dance form. Considered a dance of love, it touches on the human and the divine aspects of life. It also touches on the subtleties of life and the mundane.
There is 2nd-century archaeological evidence of Odissi in the caves of Khandagiri and Udayagiri near the city of Bhubaneswar. There is evidence of the continuing tradition of this dance form from the second to the tenth century AD in the form of Buddhist sculptures, Nataraja, tantric images, celestial dancers and musicians in ancient Shaivite temples.
Odissi is a very stylized Indian dance and to some degree depends on the established Natya Shastra and the Abhinaya Darpana.
Odissi nearly takes after the principles set around the Natya Shastra. Outward appearances, hand signals and body developments are utilized to propose a specific feeling, a feeling or one of the nine rasas.
Must-Know Facts about Odissi Dance
Who are Maharis?
They are the chief repositories of the Odissi Dance. They were called temple dancers. However, it is said that the Odissi dance form started degenerating when royal kings started employing Maharis in the royal court for dance performances.
Who are Gotipuas?
Gotipuas is a group of boys who are trained in the Odissi dance form. They perform Odissi dance in temples and sometimes for entertainment purposes also. It is stated that various Odissi male teachers today belong to the gotipua set of dancers.
Odissi Dance Costume
The female artists wear brilliantly hued sari typically made of neighborhood silk decorated with conventional and nearby plans.
Odissi Instruments and Music
The one-of-a-kind element of this dance form is that it fuses Indian ragas, both from the south and north that demonstrate the exchange of ideas and execution expressions between the two sections of India.
The melodic instruments incorporate tabla, pakhawaj, harmonium, cymbals, violin, woodwind, sitar, and Swarmandal.
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| 4 | Skills That Pay Forever | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | 1. Speakinng Up
75% people have some fear of public speaking. Learn to speak confidently in public and you will see the doors open. If you can't communicate your ideas How are you going to make the world a better place?
2. Listening Carefully
Listening is so important that many top employers provide listening skills training for their employees. This is not surprising when you consider that good listening skills can lead to better customer satisfaction, greater productivity with fewer mistakes, and increased sharing of information that in turn can lead to more creative and innovative work.
3. Being Confident
Everyone is really good at something. You might already have a good sense of your skills, or you might still be learning about what your strengths are. Either way, building confidence is an ongoing challenge, not a one-and-done task.
So stick with it, believe in yourself, and remember – you’re amazing!
4. Knowing yourself
Knowing yourself means recognizing different parts of your identity, personality, and being. The goal is not to criticize yourself but to acknowledge all sides of your personality. Open up to the possibility of learning new things about yourself.
5. Time Management
“Time management” refers to the way that you organize and plan how long you spend on specific activities. It may seem counter-intuitive to dedicate precious time to learning about time management, instead of using it to get on with your work, but the benefits are enormous: Greater productivity and efficiency.
6. Being Consistent
Consistency is the key to achieve our goals, either that be through the sequence of successes or by how quickly we get back on track. It is the speed with which we return to the right course that will decide if we give up or if we continue. And this will determine if we progress or if we fail.
7. Being Patient
Patience is defined as “the capacity to accept or tolerate delay, trouble or suffering without getting angry or upset,” a definition with several important components. Patience is also a skill. We can work on increasing our ability to be patient and engage in practices to become a more patient person.
8. Reading
Reading is one of the best qualities that a person can possess. Books are known to be the best friend of a person for a reason. Reading contributes in a big way in building an individual’s confidence, apart from helping reduce stress, and puts him or her in a better mood. Once a person starts reading books and makes it a regular habit, he or she will eventually get addicted to it. Reading is the best kind of refreshment a person needs, especially amid a hectic life schedule.
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| 5 | Nag Panchami : Why Snakes are Worshipped in India? | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The traditional Hindu festival of snakes or serpents is being observed by Hindus throughout India, Nepal, and other countries. As per certain reports, the sacred Hindu festival, which holds high significance for Shiv-Bhaktas, and is celebrated on the fifth day of bright half of the Lunar month of Shravan (July/August). There are interesting beliefs as to why do we celebrate this festival. As per Hindu beliefs, the abode of snakes is believed to be patal lok, it is the seventh and lowest of all the seven realms below the earth. The seventh Loka is also known as Naga-Loka, the region of the Nagas, as part of the creation force. The blessing of snakes is sought for the welfare of the family. As per tradition, the serpent deity made of silver, stone or wood or the painting of snakes, are decorated and given a bath with milk. In many places, people observe a fast on this day and even feed Brahmins to make the almighty happy. The pooja observed on this day is considered as a sure protection against snake bites – a big menace in the hinterlands of India. Many people worship real snakes to observe the festival.
It is also believed that Krishna, a Hindu God had saved the lives of people from the harassment of Kaliya, the snake. It is believed that one day, when Krishna was still quite young, was playing by the side of river Yamuna and his ball got stuck in the branches of a tree that was just by the side of the river. While trying to get that ball, Krishna fell into the river. When Kaliya, the snake attacked him, he fought and after some time the snake understood that he was not an ordinary child. This was when he pleaded Krishna not to kill him and Krishna spared him by taking a promise that he will not harass the people anymore. Nag Panchmi is celebrated as the victory of Krishna on Kaliya, the most dangerous snake.
People organise large-scale fairs in many places across the country. In one very important aspect, digging the earth is considered a taboo on this day as it could harm snakes which reside in the earth. As per the Hindu beliefs, snakes are considered more powerful than humans and on account of their association with Shiva, Vishnu, and Subramanya, they gain much more significance.
Snakes are also linked with Snatan Astrology. The serpent is believed to be linked to the Moon’s nodes known in Hindu astrology. In an important astrological norm, the head of the snake is represented by Rahu (“Dragon’s head”) and its tail by Ketu (“Dragon’s tail”). The issue of Kalasarpa dosha (Defect due to black snakes) also come up while the astrologers prepare Kundlis of Hindus.
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| 6 | Meditation: A simple, fast way to reduce stress | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | If stress has you anxious, tense, and worried, consider trying meditation. Spending even a few minutes in meditation can restore your calm and inner peace. Anyone can practice meditation. It's simple and inexpensive, and it doesn't require any special equipment. And you can practice meditation wherever you are — whether you're out for a walk, riding the bus, waiting at the doctor's office, or even in the middle of a difficult business meeting.
Understanding meditation
Meditation has been practiced for thousands of years. Meditation originally was meant to help deepen understanding of the sacred and mystical forces of life. These days, meditation is commonly used for relaxation and stress reduction. Meditation is considered a type of mind-body complementary medicine. Meditation can produce a deep state of relaxation and a tranquil mind. During meditation, you focus your attention and eliminate the stream of jumbled thoughts that may be crowding your mind and causing stress. This process may result in enhanced physical and emotional well-being.
Benefits of meditation
Meditation can give you a sense of calm, peace, and balance that can benefit both your emotional well-being and your overall health. And these benefits don't end when your meditation session ends. Meditation can help carry you more calmly through your day and may help you manage symptoms of certain medical conditions.
Meditation and emotional well-being
When you meditate, you may clear away the information overload that builds up every day and contributes to your stress.
The emotional benefits of meditation can include:
- Gaining a new perspective on stressful situations
- Building skills to manage your stress
- Increasing self-awareness
- Focusing on the present
- Reducing negative emotions
- Increasing imagination and creativity
- Increasing patience and tolerance
- Meditation and illness
Meditation might also be useful if you have a medical condition, especially one that may be worsened by stress. While a growing body of scientific research supports the health benefits of meditation, some researchers believe it's not yet possible to draw conclusions about the possible benefits of meditation.
With that in mind, some research suggests that meditation may help people manage symptoms of conditions such as:
- Anxiety
- Asthma
- Cancer
- Chronic pain
- Depression
- Heart disease
- High blood pressure
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Sleep problems
- Tension headaches
Be sure to talk to your health care provider about the pros and cons of using meditation if you have any of these conditions or other health problems. In some cases, meditation can worsen symptoms associated with certain mental and physical health conditions. Meditation isn't a replacement for traditional medical treatment. But it may be a useful addition to your other treatment.
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| 7 | (IoT) Internet of Things | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Since the coining of the term in 1999, the internet of things (IoT) has transformed from a mere vision to a palpable reality. This can be attributed to the extensive use of the Internet Protocol (IP), the rise of ubiquitous computing, and the continued advancement of data analytics, among other drivers of development. By 2020, it is estimated that there will be 20.4 billion devices connected to the IoT. Despite its continuing expansion, however, the IoT remains to some degree an obscure concept, something that’s often referred to in abstract terms even as it provides manifest benefits.
The IoT can be described as an extension of the internet and other network connections to different sensors and devices — or “things” — affording even simple objects, such as lightbulbs, locks, and vents, a higher degree of computing and analytical capabilities.
Interoperability is one of the key aspects of the IoT that contribute to its growing popularity. Connected or “smart” devices — as “things” in the IoT are often called — have the ability to gather and share data from their environments with other devices and networks. Through the analysis and processing of the data, devices can perform their functions with little or no need for human interaction.
Given the ever-increasing number of connected devices, the IoT continues its path of evolution, adding different layers to the data that is already being shared and processed, and giving rise to sophisticated algorithms that result in improved levels of automation. And because of the variety of “things” that can be connected to it, the IoT has enabled diverse applications for individual users and entire industries alike.
IoT Explained: Simple and Non-Technical
You might be reading this on desktop or tablet, but whatever device you’re using, it’s connected to the internet.
Connecting things to the internet yields many amazing benefits. We’ve all seen these benefits with our smartphones, laptops, and tablets, but this is true for everything else too. And yes, I do mean everything. The Internet of Things means taking all the things in the world and connecting them to the internet.
Why IoT Matters
When something is connected to the internet, that means that it can send information or receive information, or both. This ability to send and/or receive information makes things smart, and smarter is better.
Let’s use smartphones again as an example. You can listen to any song in the world, but not because your phone has every song stored on it. It’s because every song in the world is stored somewhere else (that place is known as “the cloud”), and your phone can request a song, and receive information to stream it.
To be smart, a thing doesn’t need to have super storage or a supercomputer inside of it. All a thing has to do is connect to super storage or to a supercomputer. Being connected is awesome.
In the Internet of Things, all the things can be put into three categories:
1. Sensors that collect information and then send it.
2. Computers receive information and then act on it.
3. Things that do both.
And all three of these have enormous benefits that feed on each other.
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| 8 | India is talking to the Taliban because the Taliban are winning | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | But why should India be talking to the Taliban in the first place? There is no love lost there.
India will never forget or forgive the humiliation to which the Taliban subjected it in the IC-814 hijack, notes Shekhar Gupta.
As the key Jammu and Kashmir alliance announced its acceptance of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's invitation for the all-party meeting in New Delhi, Mehbooba Mufti said that India should also talk to Pakistan to find a final solution to the Kashmir issue.
They've done so with only Pakistan's help. The reason is the Americans, from one administration to another, did not know what their objectives were. Was it to destroy al-Qaeda?
This is a good opening for Pakistan as well. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) threat has not cleared yet.
We can round off this argument by returning to answer Mehbooba's question that sparked it: 'India is talking to Mehbooba because it is talking to the Taliban.' And, India is talking to Pakistan too. Just not about what she might want on the agenda.
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| 9 | India offered 7.5 million doses of Moderna vaccine under Covax | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | India has been offered 7.5 million doses of Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine through the COVAX global vaccine sharing program, but it is not clear when the jabs will arrive in the country as a consensus on the indemnity clause is yet to be reached, sources said.
On the availability of Moderna vaccine in the country, NITI Aayog member (Health) Dr. V K Paul had recently said the government is working actively with Moderna to see how its vaccine can be imported and made available in the country.
According to sources, the Indian government has put forth certain conditions for finalizing the indemnity clause contract and has sent it to the US drug manufacturer for their perusal.
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| 10 | Covishield: 'Single dose gives 71% effectiveness' | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | 'You have sufficient protection if you take the second dose of the Covishield vaccine at 12 weeks because this vaccine works in a way where it provides protection in the first dose.'
Gently-spoken vaccine scientist Dr. Chandrakant Lahariya offers, in a low-key, non-dogmatic manner, detailed, documented information on why you should take your second dose of Covishield at 84 days.
If it was all good, for everybody, then they would have released the second dose, after eight weeks, for the entire population.
|  | 103.94.57.3 | | |
| 11 | skills that | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | 1. Speakinng Up
75% people have some fear of public speaking. Learn to speak confidently in public and you will see the doors open. If you can't communicate your ideas How are you going to make the world a better place?
2. Listening Carefully
Listening is so important that many top employers provide listening skills training for their employees. This is not surprising when you consider that good listening skills can lead to better customer satisfaction, greater productivity with fewer mistakes, and increased sharing of information that in turn can lead to more creative and innovative work.
3. Being Confident
Everyone is really good at something. You might already have a good sense of your skills, or you might still be learning about what your strengths are. Either way, building confidence is an ongoing challenge, not a one-and-done task.
So stick with it, believe in yourself, and remember – you’re amazing!
4. Knowing yourself
Knowing yourself means recognizing different parts of your identity, personality, and being. The goal is not to criticize yourself but to acknowledge all sides of your personality. Open up to the possibility of learning new things about yourself.
5. Time Management
“Time management” refers to the way that you organize and plan how long you spend on specific activities. It may seem counter-intuitive to dedicate precious time to learning about time management, instead of using it to get on with your work, but the benefits are enormous: Greater productivity and efficiency.
6. Being Consistent
Consistency is the key to achieve our goals, either that be through the sequence of successes or by how quickly we get back on track. It is the speed with which we return to the right course that will decide if we give up or if we continue. And this will determine if we progress or if we fail.
7. Being Patient
Patience is defined as “the capacity to accept or tolerate delay, trouble or suffering without getting angry or upset,” a definition with several important components. Patience is also a skill. We can work on increasing our ability to be patient and engage in practices to become a more patient person.
8. Reading
Reading is one of the best qualities that a person can possess. Books are known to be the best friend of a person for a reason. Reading contributes in a big way in building an individual’s confidence, apart from helping reduce stress, and puts him or her in a better mood. Once a person starts reading books and makes it a regular habit, he or she will eventually get addicted to it. Reading is the best kind of refreshment a person needs, especially amid a hectic life schedule.
|  | 103.94.57.3 | | |
| 12 | Pak ordnance factory involved in Jammu drone attack, says J-K DGP | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Drones have added a new dimension to security threats from terror groups and investigations into the attack on the Jammu IAF station last month show the involvement of "non-State actors" supported by State actors such as the ordnance factory of Pakistan, Jammu, and Kashmir DGP Dilbag Singh said on Tuesday.
He also pointed out that in the past, drones from across the border have been used to drop currency, arms, and ammunition inside Indian territory, and with the introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in terror activities, more efforts are required to see to it that this new and emerging threat is neutralized effectively.
Earlier, in Handwara, more than Rs 1.25 crore was seized by the police from a narcotics smuggler who was distributing cash among OGWs and active terrorists and their families, the DGP said, adding that these incidents have come to our notice and serious action has been taken on that count.
"But drones, we definitely need to put in more effort to see that this emerging threat is neutralized effectively," he added.
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| 13 | Farmers will hold protest at Jantar Mantar from July 22 | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Farmers will hold peaceful demonstrations at Jantar Mantar demanding scrapping of the Agri laws and no protester will go to parliament where the monsoon session is underway, a farm union leader said on Tuesday after a meeting with Delhi police officials.
Rashtriya Kisan Mazdoor Mahasangh national president Shiv Kumar Kakka said that every day from July 22, 200 farmers, wearing identification badges, will go to Jantar Mantar from the Singhu border to hold the protest.
"When police asked us to reduce the number of protesters, we told them to focus on the law-and-order situation and also gave assurance that the protest will be peaceful," Kakka said.
No written communication has been received from the police yet, he said.
Over 10 rounds of talks with the government, which has been projecting the laws at major agricultural reforms, have failed to break the deadlock between the two parties.
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| 14 | 67% have Covid antibodies, another 40 cr still vulnerable to infection: Govt | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Around 40 crore people are still vulnerable to COVID-19 infection as a nationwide survey found two-thirds of the country's population aged above six to have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, the government said on Tuesday as it stressed there is no room for complacency in the fight against the pandemic.
Addressing a press conference, a senior official said two-thirds or 67.6 percent of India's population aged above 6 years were found to have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the latest national serosurvey.
A third of the population did not have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which means about 40 crore people are still vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, the official said.
The death toll climbed to 4,14,482 with 374 daily fatalities, the lowest in 111 days, while the active cases have declined to 4,06,130, the lowest in 117 days.
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| 15 | Internet cut in 3 blocks in Jhalawar following communal violence | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Internet services have been suspended for 24 hours in three blocks of Rajasthan's Jhalawar district following arson and incidents of loot which took place hours after a scuffle between youths from two different communities, the police said.
The violence took place on Monday night, hours after the youths from the Muslim and Sondhya Rajput communities scuffled over an issue.
The police have registered four cases against around 200 people, mostly unidentified, for provoking violence and damaging public property.
Three people have been arrested while 35 have been detained for questioning so far, police said.
According to the police, communal tensions gripped the area after the provocative messages were circulated on social media on Monday evening.
The SP said the situation in Gangadhar town is now under control.
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| 16 | Ghost: Fact or Fiction | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Ghost: a word itself a plethora of fear for the believers and Ghost: just another funny and entertaining label for the non-believers, the believers are fine but for the non-believers you know there are hundreds of facts and queries arises from your daily lifestyle which you probably overlooked or you just ignore are left with an unexplained answer.
What is Ghost?
Basically, a ghost is the existence of anyone who does not exist anymore or in simple language a non-living, soul or spirit of any dead person, animal, birds or anyone who did ever belong to the earth. According to our ancient culture belief, the spirit or soul are the ones who is living inside a non-living body, hence the soul or spirits are separable from a body after the body deceased and the ghosts are the one who tries to maintain their existence in the living world after their body’s death.
You know an online survey concluded more than half of the people believe in ghosts, spirits, and negative energy but for the real fact what are they? Ghosts are the trick of the subconscious mind which usually happens during their sleep according to a leading expert. However, some people experience paranormal activity during the day or even when they are fully awake.
What are ghosts made up of?
Ghosts are believed by different cultures and differently named as dark spirit, Ghost, demons, Shade, Dark energy, Shadows, Bhoot, witch, devil, negative energy, etc. The worldwide believe that the spirits are made up of slight air and subtle and delicate material at their first and are reproductive to another body after the earlier body is deceased. In Indian and many other cultures, it is also believed that the spirit or soul of any person or animal get separated after death and travels to another world to for evolving their existence, they also think that the spirits or souls live their livelihood until they reproduce for their new existence, so they also make arrangements of their loved ones spirit after their death and at the time of funerals.
Do sciences believe in ghosts?
We live in the era of great technologies which is given by science: science that works based on logic and explanations will justify the ghost’s existence with proper logic and circumstances, and it did. The science examined the all-case scenario and came up with the justification that experiencing or feeling any supernatural phenomena is all in mind and believing and fearing is just a myth of the living. However, debates were still going on, and science neither accepted nor declined the existence of negative and positive energy.
Why do People fear ghosts?
It is believed by the human culture that a spirit is the living inside the body, also a Latin word “spiritus” which means “breath” from the earliest. They believe the spirits or soul is supposed to cut down every connection from the living world in order to reproduce in any other body when any spirit of soul possesses its existence on the world of living they believe that is because of any kind of vengeance, or for the intention of harm, any endearment or whim of their loved one or either they didn’t realize they are dead. Some of the people also believe that the spirits that were not welcomed in another world of the afterlife are bound up or stuck to the earth in a terrible way for their bad deeds, and there the spirit became evil spirit and evil spirit became Ghost and Ghost became fear. The fear of Ghosts is called ‘Phasmophobia.’
Believing in ghosts is still an uncertain question left among the world; some of us just watch horror movies, read horror novels or articles and leave it assuming they are part of the fiction. In contrast, some of us believe in Ghosts, soul, spirit, and afterlife on the basis of some past encountered experiences, some genital cultures, or even some basic folktale. I personally suggest whatever you choose either to believe in Ghost or not just don’t be afraid of the word ghost it will not only keep you distressed and nerve-wracked it will also affect you physically and mentally.
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| 17 | Why Short Stories Can Help You Gain Confidence in a Language and Improve Faster | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | 3 simple reasons to start using them as soon as you can
Your life is an ongoing story for which you’re the main character. It has its ups and downs. Some parts are exciting. Some others are discouraging. But no matter what happens, it keeps on moving forward. Now imagine if your language-learning journey could be that way as well? That’s what short stories can do. They can make your journey move forward faster than before. They can help you increase your confidence. While I think we should all stop trying to run away from grammar, I also think we should all read more stories. And, in particular, short ones. Here’s why they are so amazing.
They Are Everywhere
Let’s start with one aspect I love when learning a new language. Finding new resources that fit my style. Short stories are incredibly easy to find. You can google “short story Russian” and, there you go, a website with free short stories for you to read. If you struggle to find a website where you can get free ones, then just add the word “free” and you’ll find some. Some people prefer paper though. If that’s the case, and if you’re learning one of the available languages, you could try the “Short Stories In…” series by polyglot Olly Richards. If your target language isn’t among those, you can still find something on Amazon easily. While finding a good textbook can be hard, finding good short stories to read isn’t. They are everywhere, for every level possible. Some will be better than others but, overall, and is a good enough tool.
They Are, Well, Short
Who knew, right?
After having studied over 15 languages, I know very well what it’s like to feel overwhelmed in a language. You feel lost in an ocean of words and pronunciations you can’t seem to recreate. When you think you’re done with grammar, more unexpected forms come hitting you out of nowhere. Short stories are short enough to finish before you feel overwhelmed. Some will be only a few paragraphs long. Some will be tens of pages of text written in large characters. Some will be 70-pages long but will have half of that amount as a vocabulary list for the previous or incoming chapter. In short stories, there’s no wandering around. The story keeps on moving forward until the end without wasting time describing the leaf flying off a tree far into the bright blue sky and disappearing behind the silhouette of a tall and newly-built tower. They get to the point. Of course, as you improve, you can find new short stories that will be longer and more descriptive to extend your flexibility in the language. But, at least, you don’t get that before you’re ready for it.
They Offer Context
I hate wordlists like the pest. They plague the language-learning community by letting new learners believe they have to plow through one or two thousand words before they can do anything in a language. They remind me of my time in middle and high school, and that wasn’t a good one — when it came to learning at least. Languages are alive. No word lives on its own in its cabin lost in the woods. Each word needs other ones to feel complete, to create something meaningful. Short stories provide a context for all the words to converge. You don’t see the word “train” on its own and then “station” 200 words later in the list. You find “a train arriving at the station” or “someone leaving the train station.” Wordlists in short storybooks are a good supplement for when you struggle but I’d still say it’s better to look up the words in an online dictionary since you can get more examples for the same word and strengthen your understanding of it. As the story progresses, words that matter will appear, again and again, serving as some sort of natural Spaced-Repetition System (SRS). By the end of the book, you’ll have cemented your knowledge of many words and expressions without ever actually spending time scratching your head while repeating it to yourself. Context gives meaning. The context shows nuances. Context aids remembering. In short, context matters. A lot.
Final Thoughts
If your current language-learning routine doesn’t include reading short stories, you should probably update it. Short stories will revolutionize your learning journey. It will show you that you don’t need to become fluent in a language to enjoy stories. It will show you what it’s like to get lost in a story in a new language. It will teach you many more words — that you’ll remember in the long run — than any wordlist could ever. Start short and easy and build your way up to longer and more complex stories. Stay consistent and time will take care of the rest while you’re having fun with the language.
Isn’t that perfect?
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| 18 | The forgotten game: Gilli Danda | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | As kids, all of us have plenty of fond memories of the games we used to play after school hours and during holidays, be it indoor or outdoor games. Today, most of the outdoor games played then are almost extinct, with some on the verge of being forgotten thanks to our busy lifestyle and also the urbanization which has taken up most of the playgrounds and empty spaces that were so abundant. One such game which is forgotten due to a lack of space to play in is Gilli Danda.
Gilli Danda is played with two wooden sticks-a small one about three inches long called the Gilli, and a longer one called the danda, around two feet long. The Gilli is tapered at the ends to get a good grip for striking it and the greatest challenge lies in how well and how far one can strike the spinning Gilli in air.
The game is played between two teams with one team on strike while the other fields. It can also be played by individual players. A small circle is drawn and the striker (the one who hits the Gilli) stands inside the circle with the Gilli placed across a small hole dug up on the ground. Sometimes the Gilli may be balanced on a stone in an inclined position, with one end touching the ground and the other in the air. The fielders take various positions to catch the Gilli.
The striker hits the Gilli from its position using the danda, tossing it in the air and then striking it as hard as he can. If a fielder catches the Gilli before it hits the ground, the player is out. Otherwise, the distance from the center point to the point where the Gilli has fallen is measured using the danda, with one danda length equalling one point. The game continues, with a fielder tossing the Gilli (standing from the position where it had fallen) to the striker, who tries to hit it. If he misses it while it is in the air, he will tap the tapered end and tries to hit it from the ground. He gets three chances to hit the Gilli. If he misses or gets caught, the next player will strike and the game continues till all the players of one team are out.
The other team bats in the same way and the team with the highest points wins the game. The game is also played in many variations and the scoring depends on how many times the Gilli was hit in the air. If the player strikes the Gilli two times in the air, the points get doubled. Fortunately, this game is still played in India. It is traditionally played between two teams belonging to different villages and also during village fairs and festivals. The game is also dangerous as sometimes the Gilli hits passersby or the players resulting in grievous injuries which sometimes can be fatal.
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| 19 | Boost Your Confidence: Power of Subconscious Mind | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The power of your subconscious mind goes further than you might think. No pun intended. It is sure that you’ll agree when our brains are extremely complicated. However, you might be surprised by how much control we have over its programming. Before that: Let’s first take a moment to consider the fact that your subconscious mind is like a huge memory bank. Its capacity is virtually unlimited and it permanently stores everything that ever happens to you. By the time you reach the age of 21, you’ve already permanently stored more than one hundred times the contents of the entire Encyclopedia Britannica. Under hypnosis, older people can often remember, with perfect clarity, events from fifty years before. Your unconscious memory is virtually perfect. It is your conscious recall that is suspect. The function of your subconscious mind is to store and retrieve data. Its job is to ensure that you respond exactly the way you are programmed. Your subconscious mind makes everything you say and do fit a pattern consistent with your self-concept,
your “master program.” This is why repeating positive affirmations is so effective — you can actually reprogram your own thought patterns by slipping in positive and success-oriented sound bites.
This is why motivational activities, such as reading inspirational quotes, are so impactful for people committed to positive thinking. By focusing your thoughts on uplifting ideas, your subconscious will begin to implement a positive pattern in your way of thinking and your outlook on life. Your subconscious mind is subjective. It does not think or reason independently; it merely obeys the commands it receives from your conscious mind. Just as your conscious mind can be thought of as the gardener, planting seeds, your subconscious mind can be thought of as the garden, or fertile soil, in which the seeds germinate and grow. This is another reason why harnessing the power of positive thinking is important to the foundation of your entire thought process. Your conscious mind commands and your subconscious mind obeys. Your subconscious mind is an unquestioning servant that works day and night to make your behavior fits a pattern consistent with your emotionalized thoughts, hopes, and desires. Your subconscious mind grows either flowers or weeds in the garden of your life, whichever you plant by the mental equivalents you create.
Your subconscious mind has what is called a homeostatic impulse. It keeps your body temperature at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, just as it keeps you breathing regularly and keeps your heart beating at a certain rate. Through your autonomic nervous system, it maintains a balance among the hundreds of chemicals in your billions of cells so that your entire physical machine functions in complete harmony most of the time.
Your subconscious mind also practices homeostasis in your mental realm, by keeping you thinking and acting in a manner consistent with what you have done and said in the past. All your habits of thinking and acting are stored in your subconscious mind. It has memorized all your comfort zones and it works to keep you in them. This is why it’s so important to make writing SMART goals a regular habit. After a time, staying productive and focusing on all of your goals will become part of your comfort zone.
Your subconscious mind causes you to feel emotionally and physically uncomfortable whenever you attempt to do anything new or different or to change any of your established patterns of behavior. The sense of fear and discomfort are psychological signs that your subconscious has been activated. But it’s been working to establish those behavior patterns in the background long before you’ll ever notice such feelings.
The tendency to commit to these patterns is one reason why habits can be so hard to break. However, when you learn to purposefully create such patterns, you can harness the power of habit and purposefully instill new comfort zones to which your subconscious will adapt. You can feel your subconscious pulling you back toward your comfort zone each time you try something new. Even thinking about doing something different from what you’re accustomed to will make you feel tense and uneasy.
This is why time management tips may be tougher to implement at first, but once they become a habit or routine they will stay in your comfort zone. In doing so, you’ve reprogrammed your subconscious to work in your favor. Superior men and women are always stretching themselves, pushing themselves out of their comfort zones. They are very aware of how quickly the comfort zone, in any area, becomes a rut. They know that complacency is the great enemy of creativity and future possibilities.
For you to grow, to get out of your comfort zone, you have to be willing to feel awkward and uncomfortable doing new things the first few times. If it’s worth doing well, it’s worth doing poorly until you get a feel for it, until you develop a new comfort zone at a new, higher level of competence.
For those looking to expand their realm of comfort zones, It's highly recommended to consider the habits of successful people as they are the patterns commonly adopted by the minds of great leaders and thinkers. Unlocking the power of these behaviors will put you one step closer to being able to make the same things happen in your life. Learning techniques to reprogram your subconscious mind will help you believe in yourself because your confidence will no longer be challenged by fear of the unknown. But more importantly, doing so will train your brain to be in line with your true desires, dreams, and life goals.
The more in tune with your subconscious you become, the closer you will be to breaking through to success. For example, you might have an idea for a book that has been on your back burner for years. With the right level of confidence, you’ll take the next step in learning how to write a book, rather than clinging to the dream, but never acting.
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| 20 | Timeline of events of Israel- Palestine conflict | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is one of the world's most enduring hostilities, with the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip reaching 53 years. Various attempts have been made to resolve the conflict as part of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.
- The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is an ongoing struggle since mid 20th century.
- The conflict has been one of the most enduring conflicts of the world and yet there is no amicable solution that has been found.
- The conflict has been ongoing for more than 100 years between Jews and Arabs over a piece of land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean sea.
- It was between 1882 to 1948, when the Jews from around the world gathered in Palestine. This movement came to be known as Aliyahs.
- Then in 1917, Ottoman Empire fell after World War 1 and the UK got control over Palestine.
- The Balfour Declaration was issued after Britain gained control with the aim of establishing a home for the Jews in Palestine. However, during that period, the Arabs were in majority in Palestine.
- Jews favored the idea while the Palestinians rejected it. Almost 6 million Jews lost their lives in the Holocaust which also ignited further demand for a separate Jewish state.
- Jews claimed Palestine to be their natural home while the Arabs too did not leave the land and claimed it.
- The international community supported the Jews.
- It was in the year 1948 that Britain lifted its control over the area and Jews declared the creation of Israel. Although Palestinians objected, Jews did not back out which led to - an armed conflict.
- The neighboring Arabs also invaded and were thrashed by the Israeli troops
- This made thousands of Palestinians flee their homes. This was called Al-Nakba, or the "Catastrophe".
- Israel had gained maximum control over the territory after this came to an end.
- Jordan then went on a war with Israel and seized control over a part of the land which was called the West Bank, and Egypt occupied Gaza.
- Jerusalem was divided between Israel in the West and Jordan in the East. However, no formal peace agreement was signed, each side continued to blame each other for the tension and the region saw more wars.
- Israeli forces captured East Jerusalem and the West Bank, various areas of Syrian Golan Heights, Gaza, and the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula in the year 1967.
- That time Palestinian refugees and families lived in Gaza and the West Bank, along with within the border areas of neighboring Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon.
- They were not allowed to return after the Israeli forces captured the areas as they considered it a threat to Jews.
United Nations Mediation:
- Israel occupies the West Bank, though the Israeli forces have pulled out of Gaza which happened after the United Nations mediation.
- Israel says the whole of Jerusalem is its capital while Palestinians say the East of Jerusalem is theirs.
Mediation of other countries:
- The United States is a very close ally of Israel and a handful of other countries have recognized Israel's claim on the whole of Jerusalem.
- Palestine objected strongly when Israel built numerous settlements in the above-mentioned areas, where approximately 6,00,000 Jews now live.
- They found these settlements of Israel illegal.
Hamas and Israel:
- Israel and Hamas have a history of fighting three wars and various skirmishes since the militant group seized control of Gaza in 2007.
- Recent outbreaks of fights were mediated by Qatar, Egypt, and various other middle east countries.
- Egypt helps Israel in controlling Gaza's borders to halt weapons from landing in the hands of Hamas.
- Palestinians however are claiming to be tortured by both Hamas and the Israeli army equally which Israel denies.
- Now a new tension between the two parties has emerged when in mid-April 2021 night clashes took place between police and Palestinians.
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| 21 | Coronavirus: How likely is it for COVID-19 to spread through air? | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The novel coronavirus is an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another. While coming in close contact with an infected person can increase your chances of contracting the deadly virus, as per a recent study, 'strong evidence' suggests COVID-19 predominantly spreads through the air.
What does it mean for a disease to be airborne?
An airborne disease is associated with a virus that can survive in the aerosol droplets that we release while we talk, cough or sneeze. It can then infect people who come in close contact with someone who is suffering with the illness.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), airborne transmission of a disease is the spread of an infectious agent caused by the dissemination of aerosols that remain infectious when suspended in the air over long distances and time.
Can COVID-19 spread through aerosols?
While scientists and medical professionals are still trying to confirm whether or not COVID-19 is an airborne illness, studies have suggested that SARs-COV-2 can spread through aerosols.
According to a report released by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19 could be airborne. However, it backtracked on the same and said that it had been “posted in error”.
Other studies in the past have also suggested the chances of catching Covid-19 from aerosols are minimal. However, experts have emphasised on taking necessary precautions for the same.
A recent Lancet study, however, has claimed that COVID-19 can spread through the air and it is the most predominant route of transmission.
What does the research say?
According to the study published on Friday in The Lancet journal, consistent and strong evidence suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is responsible for COVID-19, is predominantly transmitted through the air.
The study, led by a team of researchers from the UK, USA and Canada, reviewed published data and found 10 lines of evidence to support the predominance of the airborne route. Of the evidence, the researchers believed that superspreader events like the Skagit Choir outbreak, where 53 people were infected, could not be justified by only close contact infections or touching infected shared surfaces or objects.
Jose-Luis Jimenez, one of the co-authors of the study, said, "The evidence supporting airborne transmission is overwhelming, and evidence supporting large droplet transmission is almost non-existent." "It is urgent that the World Health Organization and other public health agencies adapt their description of transmission to the scientific evidence so that the focus of mitigation is put on reducing airborne transmission," he added.
Additionally, the study noted that at least 40 percent of all transmission were a result of the silent (asymptomatic or presymptomatic) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from people who are not coughing or sneezing.
However, the researchers found little to no evidence that the virus spreads through large droplets that settle on the surfaces.
Airborne transmission can pose greater COVID-19 risks in indoor spaces
As per the Lancet study, transmission rates of COVID-19 are much higher indoors than outdoors, and transmission is greatly reduced by indoor ventilation.
While we're all taking extra care and maintaining social distancing to avoid the spread of the novel coronavirus, airborne transmission of the virus has posed greater health risks to people living inside their homes. As the virus has the tendency to remain in the surroundings for a long period of time, it makes enclosed spaces all the more dangerous and infectious than outdoor areas.
What can we do to stay safe?
The most efficient way to safeguard yourself from harmful aerosols is to avoid crowded places and maintain social distancing. Avoid rooms with less or no ventilations as it can increase the risks of contracting the virus. You must wear well-fitted masks at all times, especially while you're in conversation with people in crowded areas.
According to CDC, "when used properly, air purifiers can help reduce airborne contaminants, including viruses, in a home or confined space”.
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| 22 | Importance of English Language in Our Life | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | English, the Universal Language:
In today’s globalised economy, English is the universal language of choice for both business and general communication. It is also the third most widely spoken language in the world (after Chinese and Spanish) with a new word being added to the dictionary every two hours. According to some online estimates, there are a whopping 1.5bn English-speaking people across the globe today; that’s about 20 % of the total global population of approx.7.5bn inhabitants. About 6 -7 countries (including some of the world’s most powerful nations), lists English as their primary and official language. A different set of 27 countries lists it as their second official language. India is one of those few countries which lists English as their secondary official language. Thus, the importance of the English language in India is tremendously huge.
The Language of Business:
As outlined earlier English also provides a viable common platform for global communications. This is why companies value the importance of an English-speaking workforce for the distinct competitive edge, it gives them within high-pressure global markets. This preference for English speaking personnel is mostly expected to persist until global business conglomerates continue to trade with each other in USD.
Importance of English Language for Professional Needs:
Sound knowledge of English is also essential when it comes to finding the right job or starting with a lucrative career with a government department or private corporations.
Going forward there is every chance that your choice of the profession might mandate frequent meetings and interactions with foreigners with a good knowledge of the English language. At such times you will be expected to converse fluently in proper English to meet your professional objectives. Any failure to communicate effectively could just put an end to your career aspirations – making it a skill that every job aspirant would love to add to his resume.
Importance of English while Travelling Abroad:
In many countries, the second most widely spoken language (after the native language), is English, which has now become a popular choice as the lingua franca. If you’re a non-native English speaker travelling to a place where it’s not widely spoken, you still have a better chance of making yourself understood by writing or speaking in English. Even people in small-town markets across the world are adept at haggling over prices with English speaking customers.
Importance of English Language in Education:
The importance of speaking English is Learning a new language never hurt anyone. On the contrary, it has only opened the person’s mind to a whole new world of possibilities and opportunities. Learning English adequately opens the door to the mastery of other non-linguistic subjects as well (history, technology, science, mathematics, engineering etc.) – from English speaking experts in that particular domain. For students seeking to go abroad for further studies or research, the ability to speak and write in English is a virtual must. Since it’s used by the world’s leading universities, research agencies & journals and top publishers. Put differently, the inability to communicate in English could put a serious question mark on the person’s admission eligibility.
Importance of English in Our Life:
As adults, we all tend to voice our needs in words – from sharing our likes and dislikes, making friends, requesting information, starting an argument to going on a long, romantic drive and settling down with our respective life partners. Our ability (or inability) to communicate effectively in English can make all the difference between success and failure here. Unlike in social media where we have a choice of colourful emoji’s to convey our feelings, real-life offers no such concessions.
Importance of English to Improve your Self-Esteem:
Learning a new language is undoubtedly hard, yet there is not a single person alive today who did not wish he could speak another language. Those who went ahead and took the leap to learn English, have the ability today to communicate with a massive variety of people from across the globe. It eventually helps to boost your confidence level. Thus, the English language becomes crucial for the personality development of an individual.
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| 23 | What is a cookie, should you accept them, and if you don’t what happens? | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Cookies are messages that web servers pass to your web browser when you visit Internet sites. Your browser stores each message in a small file called cookie.txt. When you request another page from the server, your browser sends the cookie back to the server. These files typically contain information about your visit to the web page, as well as any information you've volunteered, such as your name and interests. The term "cookie" is an allusion to a Unix program called Fortune Cookie that produces a different message, or fortune, each time it runs.
Do you have to accept cookies?
No, you don't. If a cookie can identify you, you can decline the cookie completely. Websites that use these cookies have to get your permission – or risk huge fines under various laws. So if you don't want to store a cookie holding information about you, just say no.
What happens if you don't accept a cookie?
The flip-side of this is that some companies simply won't let you use their website if you don't accept a cookie. Particularly after the introduction of GDPR (and the heavy fines that go with it), some websites will no longer give you access without cookie permission. It's generally because some websites simply won't work as intended without cookies. But for the most part, you'll still be able to access the majority of the internet without accepting cookies. There are upsides to accepting cookies, of course. You'll get a more tailored experience with more relevant content, so it's usually worth accepting cookies – unless you're particularly fearful about privacy.
How do I clear my cookies?
Because cookies are stored on your computer, you can delete them. Simply go into the settings of your internet browser and navigate to the history section, and there's usually a fairly obvious tool to delete cookies. This should wipe all of the cookies from your phone and computer, freeing up a small amount of file space. However, this will likely log you out of most websites, and make some web pages look a little different than they might usually.
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| 24 | Mapping most internet shutdowns: India | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Authorities in India shut down the internet 109 times over the course of 2020, mostly in Indian-administered Kashmir, which accounted for almost 90 percent of all internet shutdowns in India last year.
From January 2020 till February of this year, the internet in Indian-administered Kashmir was throttled to 2G, making life very difficult for many students in the state who had been moved to remote learning as a result of COVID-19.
“We weren’t able to attend our online classes regularly,” said Bazillah Ayoub, 24, a student at the Model Institute of Engineering and Technology in Jammu.
“We had a lot of issues – we were asked to submit our assignments which were sometimes 15MB or above that, which got uploaded after one or two hours. Due to that, we all have backlogs in our subjects because we have not submitted our assignments on time,” Ayoub told Al Jazeera.
Internet shutdowns in Indian-administered Kashmir are a regular occurrence, with authorities citing precautionary measures as the main justification.
“Shutdowns are used to suppress voices of dissent,” said youth activist Kanwal Singh, 30. “We have been a conflict state for the last 70 years.”
People in Indian-administered Kashmir experienced one of the longest internet shutdowns in the world with a complete blackout from August 2019 to January 2020, after which the throttled speed of 2G was allowed. The authorities recently restored 4G services in Indian-administered Kashmir after 18 months.
Last year, India’s Supreme Court ordered a review into Kashmir’s internet shutdowns, stating that they were unconstitutional and violated India’s telecoms rules.
“Any government or authority is not doing charity by restoring the 4G services,” said Singh. “When the government restored 4G services everyone started celebrating, but the point is this is not charity. This is our right and everyone’s right because this is guaranteed by the Indian constitution.”
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| 25 | 1992 securities scam : Harshad Mehta | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | A special court here has convicted and awarded varying jail terms to five persons, including senior bank officials, in the 1992 securities scam.
Justice Shalini Phansalkar Joshi, who presided over a bunch of cases related to the 1992 scam, convicted R Lakshminarayanan and S Srinivasan of Financial Fairgrowth Services Limited (FFSL), and Tharian Chacko, Y Sundara Babu and R Kalyana Raman of Andhra Bank Financial Services Ltd (ABFSL), a subsidiary of Andhra Bank.
While the court sentenced Lakshminarayanan and Srinivasan, executive director and senior vice-president respectively of FFSL at that time, to imprisonment up to three years, the officials of ABFSL were sentenced to four years.
According to the judgement passed on Thursday, those convicted "knowingly conducted fraudulent transactions between FFSL and ABFSL between July 1991 and May 1992".
As per the prosecution's case, FFSL, a private firm, was facing an acute cash crunch and was desperately in need of additional funds.
It, thus, began to borrow heavily from ABFSL and other banks and financial firms. Those convicted facilitated such borrowings without ensuring that the transactions were made against credible securities and stocks of the FFSL.
ABFSL officials convicted in the case issued illegal security receipts to the FFSL for these transactions, and it, in turn, made wrong declarations to other lenders by giving these security receipts that had been issued against securities and stocks that the FFSL did not really possess.
The court, however, acquitted Gopal Shankar Iyer and P Chandrashekhar, two other officials of FFSL, and share broker Pallav Seth.
The court also rejected the plea for leniency pressed by the convicts on account of the long trial, their old age, and on the argument that they did not make any personal gains out of these transactions.
"This special case is a fallout of the financial scam that rocked the economy of the nation in the era of Harshad S Mehta," Justice Phansalkar-Joshi said.
"It is true that in this case, the offence has taken place in 1992 and that in these 24 long years the accused have undergone the rigours of the trial, which were in the nature of physical and mental torture also, as the sword of this case was always hanging on their heads," she said.
"However, considering the serious nature of the offence and the repercussions it had on the nation's economy, taking a lenient view can have a counter-effect. An appropriate message needs to be sent out to the society," she said.
"In my considered opinion, the evidence of all these prosecution witnesses, some from FFSL, some from ABFSL and some from an independent source, like RBI, is more than sufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that ABFSL has deployed crores of funds to FFSL on 'securities receipts', which were, to their own knowledge, not backed by physical securities and it was done by the ostensible transactions of sale and purchase.
"Their evidence also proves that the money received by FFSL from ABFSL in these transactions was diverted by FFSL to share market investment and not for the purchase of securities," she said.
Justice Phansalkarb Joshi added that even if the court were to accept the contention that the convicts did not make any personal gains, it must remember the view taken by the apex court in previous judgements that financial scams affect the economy of the nation.
"Such scams result in the loss of hard-earned money for many innocent members of the public. Some victims even lose their lives," she said while awarding the sentence.
The court, however, suspended the sentence of all the convicts for four months to permit them to file their respective appeals in the Supreme Court.
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| 26 | Pet cats (and possibly lions and tigers) are vulnerable to coronavirus | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Reports at various stages during the pandemic have shown that domestic cats, as well as lions and tigers, can be infected with the novel coronavirus. New research has provided evidence for what makes pet cats vulnerable, adding to the findings of previous studies — and the general understanding — that felines are susceptible because their cellular structure facilitates coronavirus infection. The latest research comes from the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) headquartered in Barcelona — incidentally the same city where four zoo lions were found positive for coronavirus.
THE MECHANISM: The coronavirus initiates infection using the spike protein on its surface. On the surface of the human cell are proteins called ACE2 receptors. The spike protein binds with the ACE2 receptor, then invades the cell and goes on to replicate. The same mechanism takes place in coronavirus infection of other species, too. Vulnerability to coronavirus infection, compared to humans. Based on the binding affinity of each species’ ACE2 receptors with SARS CoV-2 spike protein.
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| 27 | The great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn : 21st Dec 2020 | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Skywatchers are in for an end-of-year treat. What has become known popularly as the “Christmas Star” is an especially vibrant planetary conjunction easily visible in the evening sky over the next two weeks as the bright planets Jupiter and Saturn come together, culminating on the night of Dec. 21.
In 1610, Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei pointed his telescope to the night sky, discovering the four moons of Jupiter – Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. In that same year, Galileo also discovered a strange oval surrounding Saturn, which later observations determined to be its rings. These discoveries changed how people understood the far reaches of our solar system.
Thirteen years later, in 1623, the solar system’s two giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn, travelled together across the sky. Jupiter caught up to and passed Saturn, in an astronomical event known as a “Great Conjunction.”
“You can imagine the solar system to be a racetrack, with each of the planets as a runner in their own lane and the Earth toward the centre of the stadium,” said Henry Throop, the astronomer in the Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “From our vantage point, we’ll be able to be to see Jupiter on the inside lane, approaching Saturn all month and finally overtaking it on December 21.”
The planets regularly appear to pass each other in the solar system, with the positions of Jupiter and Saturn being aligned in the sky about once every 20 years.
What makes this year’s spectacle so rare, then? It’s been nearly 400 years since the planets passed this close to each other in the sky, and nearly 800 years since the alignment of Saturn and Jupiter occurred at night, as it will for 2020, allowing nearly everyone around the world to witness this “great conjunction.
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| 28 | Kunwar Singh | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Kunwar Singh was born on 13 November 1777 to Maharaja Shahabzada Singh and Maharani Panchratan Devi, in Jagdispur of the Shahabad (now Bhojpur) District, in the state of Bihar. He belonged to the Ujjainiya Rajput clan. He married the daughter of Raja Fateh Naraiyan Singh, a wealthy zamindar of the Deo-Munga estate in Gaya district who belonged to the Sisodia clan of Rajputs.
After his father died in 1826, Kunwar Singh became the taluqdar of Jagdispur. His brothers also inherited some villages however a dispute arose as to their exact allocation.
Singh led the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Bihar. He was nearly eighty and in failing health when he was called upon to take up arms. He was assisted by both his brother, Babu Amar Singh, and his commander-in-chief, Hare Krishna Singh. He gave a good fight and harried British forces for nearly a year and remained invincible until the end. He was an expert in the art of guerilla warfare. His tactics left the British puzzled.
In his last battle, fought on 23 April 1858, near Jagdispur, the troops under the control of the East India Company were completely routed. On 22 and 23 April, being injured he fought bravely against the British Army and with the help of his army drove away the British Army, brought down the Union Jack from Jagdishpur Fort, and hoisted his flag. He returned to his palace on 23 April 1858 and soon died on 26 April 1858.
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| 29 | Rani Lakshmi Bai | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Rani of Jhansi or Rani Lakshmi Bai’s maiden was Manu Bai. Manu Bai or Manikarnika was born to Moropant Tambe and Bhagirathi Tambe on 19th November 1828 at Kashi (Varanasi). At the small age of about 3-4 years, she lost her mother and was thus, brought up by her father alone. After the death of her mother, Manu Bai and her father shifted to Bithoor and started living with Peshwa Baji Rao.
Rani Lakshmibai was married to Gangadhar Rao in 1842. Gangadhar Rao was the king of Jhansi. In 1851, the Rani had a son; he, unfortunately, died when he was barely four months old. Raja Gangadhar Rao could not bear the shock and after a long illness, he died on November 21, 1853.
Jhansi became a major center of the revolt of 1857. Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi began to strengthen security and started a volunteer army. Ordinary people also contributed to the revolt. In 1857, the kings of the neighboring state of Jhansi, Orchha, and Datia attacked. Rani Lakshmibai defeated them successfully. In March 1858 the British army besieged the city of Jhansi. But Rani, with her adopted son Damodar Rao, was able to escape. Rani died on June 18, 1858.
Rani Lakshmibai was the great heroine of the First War of Indian Freedom. She was the embodiment of patriotism, self-respect, and heroism. Her life is a thrilling story of womanliness, courage, adventure, deathless patriotism, and martyrdom. Rani Lakshmibai was the real meaning of the ideal heroine. She was proud of not just India but the world's women.
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| 30 | Subhas Chandra Bose | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose considered the most revered freedom fighter of India was born on January 23, 1879, in Cuttak. His famous slogan "You give me blood, I'll give you Freedom" has continued to inspire many even today. Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939.
On the outbreak of the war, Bose protested against the Viceroy's decision to declare war on India as he advocated a mass campaign of civil disobedience. He escaped from India in 1941 and gone to Germany to work for India's independence. He established the Azad Hind Radio station in Germany and led the Indian nationalist movement in East Asia.
Although it was believed that Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose died in a plane crash on 18 August 1945, his body was never recovered. There have been many theories put forward regarding his disappearance.
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| 31 | Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad in British India. He was a freedom fighter, the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence. He emerged as an eminent leader of the Indian independence movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and served India as Prime Minister from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964. He is considered to be the architect of the modern Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. Under Nehru’s leadership, the Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national and state-level politics and winning consecutive elections in 1951, 1957, and 1962.
Nehru implemented policies based on import substitution industrialization and advocated a mixed economy where the government-controlled public sector would co-exist with the private sector. He believed that the establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy. The policy of non-alignment during the Cold War meant that Nehru received financial and technical support from both power blocs in building India’s industrial base from scratch. Steel mill complexes were built at Bokaro and Rourkela with assistance from the Soviet Union and West Germany. There was substantial industrial development. The industry grew 7.0 per cent annually between 1950 and 1965 – almost trebling industrial output and making India the world’s seventh-largest industrial country. India’s share of world trade fell from 1.4 per cent in 1951–1960 to 0.5 per cent over 1981–1990. On the other hand, India’s export performance is argued to have actually shown sustained improvement over the period. The volume of exports went up at an annual rate of 2.9 per cent in 1951–1960 to 7.6 per cent in 1971–1980. India’s economy grew faster than both the United Kingdom and the United States.
Under Nehru’s leadership, the government attempted to develop India quickly by embarking on agrarian reform and rapid industrialisation. Successful land reform was introduced that abolished giant landholdings, but efforts to redistribute land by placing limits on land ownership failed. Agricultural production expanded until the early 1960s, as additional land was brought under cultivation and some irrigation projects began to have an effect. The establishment of agricultural universities, modelled after land grant colleges in the United States, contributed to the development of the economy. These universities worked with high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, initially developed in Mexico and the Philippines, that in the 1960s began the Green Revolution.
Between 1947 and about 1950, the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union under Nehru and Sardar Patel. The new Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. Nehru declared the new republic to be a “Union of States”. In December 1953, Nehru appointed the States Reorganisation Commission to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines. This was headed by Justice Fazal Ali and the commission itself was also known as the Fazal Ali Commission. The efforts of this commission were overseen by Govind Ballabh Pant, who served as Nehru’s Home Minister from December 1954. Under the Seventh Amendment, the existing distinction between Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D states was abolished. The distinction between Part A and Part B states was removed, becoming known simply as “states”.
Jawaharlal Nehru was a passionate advocate of education for India’s children and youth, believing it essential for India’s future progress. His government oversaw the establishment of many institutions of higher learning, including the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, the Indian Institutes of Technology, the Indian Institutes of Management and the National Institutes of Technology. Nehru also outlined a commitment in his five-year plans to guarantee free and compulsory primary education to all of India’s children.
Nehru led newly independent India from 1947 to 1964, during its first years of independence from British rule. Both the United States and the Soviet Union competed to make India an ally throughout the Cold War. Nehru also maintained good relations with the British Empire. On the international scene, Nehru was a champion of pacifism and a strong supporter of the United Nations. He pioneered the policy of non-alignment and co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement of nations professing neutrality between the rival blocs of nations led by the US and the USSR. Recognising the People’s Republic of China soon after its founding, He sought to establish warm and friendly relations with China in 1950 and hoped to act as an intermediary to bridge the gulf and tensions between the communist states and the Western bloc.
Nehru, while a pacifist, was not blind to the political and geostrategic reality of India in 1947. Nehru envisioned the development of nuclear weapons and established the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 1948. Nehru also called Dr Homi J. Bhabha, a nuclear physicist, Indian nuclear policy was set by an unwritten personal understanding between Nehru and Bhabha. Nehru famously said to Bhabha, “Professor Bhabha take care of Physics, leave international relation to me”.Nehru had a high ambition to develop this program to stand against the industrialized states and to establish a nuclear weapons capability as part of India’s regional superiority to other South-Asian states, most particularly Pakistan.
At Lord Mountbatten’s urging Nehru had promised in 1948 to hold a referendum in Kashmir under the auspices of the UN. Kashmir was a disputed territory between India and Pakistan, the two have gone to war with each other over the state in 1947. However, as Pakistan failed to pull back troops in accordance with the UN resolution, and as Nehru grew increasingly wary of the UN, he declined to hold a plebiscite in 1953. Nehru ordered the arrest of the Kashmiri politician Sheikh Abdullah in 1953, whom he had previously supported but now suspected of harbouring separatist ambitions. In 1957, Menon was instructed to deliver an unprecedented eight-hour speech defending India’s stand on Kashmir; to date, the speech is the longest ever delivered in the United Nations Security Council. Menon’s passionate defence of Indian sovereignty in Kashmir enlarged his base of support in India, and led to the Indian press temporarily dubbing him the “Hero of Kashmir”.
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| 32 | Nana saheb | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Nana Saheb (19 May 1824- 1859)
He was born on 19 May 1824 as Nana Govind Dhondu Pant, to Narayan Bhatt and Ganga Bai. He was an Indian Peshwa of the Maratha empire. An aristocrat and fighter. Nana's father, a well-educated Deccani Brahmin, had traveled with his family from the western ghats to become a court official of the former Peshwa at Bithoor. Lacking sons, Baji Rao adopted Nana Saheb and his younger brother in 1827. The mother of both children was a sister of one of the Peshwa's wives.
Nana Saheb was well educated. He studied Sanskrit and was known for his deeply religious nature. Nana Rajguru, a teacher of Nana Sahib, who teach them youdh Kala and the strategy of political activities. As the adopted son of the exiled Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II. On the death of the last Peshwa, Baji Rao II, In 1851 the Company's government stopped the annual pension and title. Nana Sahib believed that he was entitled to a pension from the English East India Company, but the underlying contractual issues are rather murky. The company's refusal to continue the pension after his father's death, as well as what he perceived as high-handed policies, compelled him to revolt and seek.
Independence from company rule in India. He forced the British garrison in Cawnpore( Kanpur) to surrender, then executed the survivors, gaining control of Cawnpore(Kanpur) for a few days. He later disappeared, after his forces were defeated by a British force that recaptured Cawnpore ( Kanpur) under General Havelock and the last serious engagement ( 16 July 1857 ). Nana rode away to an unknown destination in Nepal in 1859 and probably perished in the jungle.
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| 33 | Lal Bahadur Shastri | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Lal Bahadur Shastri (2 October 1904 - 11 January 1966) was an Indian Politician who served as the second Prime Minister of India.
Shastri was born to Sharada Prasad Srivastava and Ramdulari Devi in Mughalsarai on 2 October 1904, sharing his birthday with Mahatma Gandhi. Shastri was 5 ft 2 inches tall and always used to wear dhoti. The only occasion on which he wore pajamas was dinner in honor of the Queen of the United Kingdom in 1961 in the Rashtrapati Bhawan. He studied in East Central Railway Inter college and Harish Chandra High School, which he left to join the non-cooperation movement. He worked for the betterment of the Harijans at Muzaffarpur and dropped his caste-derived surname of "Srivastava". Shastri's thoughts were influenced by reading about Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi, and Annie Besant. Deeply impressed and influenced by Gandhi, he joined the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. He served as the president of Servants of the People Society (Lok Sevak Mandal), founded by Lala Lajpat Rai, and held prominent positions in Indian National Congress.
On 16 May 1928, Shastri married Lalita Devi who was from Mirzapur. The couple had four sons and two daughters. In 1928 Shastri became an active and mature member of the Indian National Congress at the call of Mahatma Gandhi. He was imprisoned for two and a half years.
Later, he worked as the Organizing Secretary of the Parliamentary Board of the U.P. in 1937. In 1940, he was sent to prison for one year, for offering individual Satyagraha support to the independence movement.
On 8 August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech at Gowalia Tank in Bombay, demanding that the British leave India. Shastri, who had just then come out after a year in prison, traveled to Allahabad. For a week, he sent instructions to the independence activists from Jawaharlal Nehru's home, Anand Bhavan. He served as an elected representative for United Provinces in 1937 and 1946.
Following India's independence, Shastri was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in his home state, Uttar Pradesh. He became the Minister of Police and Transport under Govind Ballabh Pant's Chief Ministership on 15 August 1947. As the Transport Minister, he was the first to appoint women conductors. As the minister in charge of the Police Department, he ordered that police use water jets, whose instructions were given by him, instead of lathis to disperse unruly crowds. His tenure as a police minister saw successful curbing of communal riots in 1947, mass migration, and resettlement of refugees.
In 1951, Shastri was made the General Secretary of the All-India Congress Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as the Prime Minister. He was directly responsible for the selection of candidates and the direction of publicity and electioneering activities. He was believed to be retained as home minister of UP, but in a surprise move was called to Centre as a minister by Nehru. Shastri was made Minister of Railways and Transport in the First Cabinet of the Republic of India on 13 May 1952.
Jawaharlal Nehru died in office on 27 May 1964. Then Congress Party President K. Kamaraj was instrumental in making Shastri Prime Minister on 9 June. In his first broadcast as Prime Minister, on 11 June 1964, Shastri stated:
"There comes a time in the life of every nation when it stands at the crossroads of history and must choose which way to go. But for us, there need be no difficulty or hesitation, no looking to right or left. Our way is straight and clear—the building up of a socialist democracy at home with freedom and prosperity for all, and the maintenance of world peace and friendship with all nations".
Lal Bahadur Shastri's tenure witnessed the Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965. The government of India had for a long time made an effort to establish Hindi as the sole national language of India. This was resisted by the non-Hindi speaking states particularly Madras State. To calm the situation, Shastri gave assurances that English would continue to be used as the official language as long the non-Hindi speaking states wanted.
He promoted the White Revolution – a national campaign to increase the production and supply of milk – by supporting the Amul milk co-operative of Anand, Gujarat, and creating the National Dairy Development Board. Underlining the need to boost India's food production, Shastri also promoted the Green Revolution in India in 1965. This led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
He led the country during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965. His slogan "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan" ("Hail to the soldier; Hail to the farmer") became very popular during the war. The war formally ended with the Tashkent Agreement on 10 January 1966; he died the following day, still in Tashkent, with the cause of his death in dispute; it was reported to be a cardiac arrest but his family was not satisfied with the proffered reason. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna.
Gregory Douglas, a journalist who interviewed former CIA operative Robert Crowley over 4 years, recorded their telephone conversations and published a transcription in a book titled Conversations with the Crow. In the book, Crowley claimed that the CIA was responsible for eliminating Homi Bhabha, an Indian nuclear scientist whose plane crashed in the Alps, when he was going to attend a conference in Vienna; and Lal Bahadur Shastri. Crowley said that the USA was wary of India's rigid stand on nuclear policy and of then prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, who wanted to go ahead with nuclear tests. He also said that the agency was worried about collective domination by India and Russia over the region, for which a strong deterrent was required.
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| 34 | Tatya Tope | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Today we are living the safest and slavery-free life and our future generation lives are also been secured, and this is all because of the freedom fighters who fought with the last part of their swords. One of them is Ramachandra Pandurang Tope, also known as Tantia Tope, who was one of the most notable Indian freedom fighters and a general in the Rebellion of 1857. Even with no certification in military training, he was one of the successful servicemen.
Tatya Tope was born in the year 1814 in Nasik district, Maharashtra. His father, Pandurang Rao, was an honorable person in the court of the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II. Tope got familiarize with the Peshwa’s adopted son Nana Saheb and the two became close friends. They were also comrade in the 1857 Revolt in opposition to the British.
*Contribution towards India’s Independence Struggle
Tatya Tope adopted the surname ‘Tope’ which means commanding officer. It is derived from the Hindi word for canon.
Despite having no formal training in fighting skills, Tope was a brilliant fighter and a master in the art of guerrilla warfare.
He played an active part in the rebellion at Kanpur and then at Gwalior, where he came to the aid of Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi.
His guerrilla tactics left the British amazed at his soldiery.
He stayed with the Raja of Narwar, Man Singh for some time. However, the Raja had a troubled relationship with the ruler of Gwalior and the British were able to take advantage of this. Man Singh betrayed the trust that Tope had in him and this led to the arrest of Tope from the forest region at Paron, where he had been camping.
The British tried him at a court at Shivpuri and executed him on 18 April 1859.
Tatya Tope was one of the foremost leaders of the Revolt of 1857 whose valour and courage inspire Indians to this day.
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| 35 | News Feed 8-Sept | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | News Feed 8-Sept News Feed 8-Sept
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| 36 | Newsfeed test | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | newsfeed vrinsoft teste
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| 37 | Newton's laws explained | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The motion of an aircraft through the air can be explained and described by physical principals discovered over 300 years ago by Sir Isaac Newton. Newton worked in many areas of mathematics and physics. He developed the theories of gravitation in 1666, when he was only 23 years old. Some twenty years later, in 1686, he presented his three laws of motion in the "Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis." The laws are shown above, and the application of these laws to aerodynamics are given on separate slides.
Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. This is normally taken as the definition of inertia. The key point here is that if there is no net force acting on an object (if all the external forces cancel each other out) then the object will maintain a constant velocity. If that velocity is zero, then the object remains at rest. If an external force is applied, the velocity will change because of the force.
The second law explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force. The law defines a force to be equal to change in momentum (mass times velocity) per change in time. Newton also developed the calculus of mathematics, and the "changes" expressed in the second law are most accurately defined in differential forms. (Calculus can also be used to determine the velocity and location variations experienced by an object subjected to an external force.) For an object with a constant mass m, the second law states that the force F is the product of an object's mass and its acceleration a:
F = m * a
For an external applied force, the change in velocity depends on the mass of the object. A force will cause a change in velocity; and likewise, a change in velocity will generate a force. The equation works both ways.
The third law states that for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction. In other words, if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B also exerts an equal force on object A. Notice that the forces are exerted on different objects. The third law can be used to explain the generation of lift by a wing and the production of thrust by a jet engine.
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| 38 | Seasonality shapes coevolution of parasites and hosts | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Parasites and their hosts coevolve in an arms race influenced by environmental conditions. Seasonal change, for example, can shape the course of evolution, but precisely how has been something of a mystery. A recent study used lab experiments and mathematical modeling to tease out one potentially important pattern: the intensity of this coevolution peaks when the extent of seasonal change is moderate rather than mild or extreme.
Host–parasite coevolution is widely assumed to have a major influence on biological evolution, especially as these interactions impose high selective pressure on the reciprocally interacting antagonists. The exact nature of the underlying dynamics is yet under debate and may be determined by recurrent selective sweeps (i.e., arms race dynamics), negative frequency-dependent selection (i.e., Red Queen dynamics), or a combination thereof. These interactions are often associated with reciprocally induced changes in population size, which, in turn, should have a strong impact on co-adaptation processes, yet are neglected in most current work on the topic.
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| 39 | Learning from what Apollo astronauts left on the moon | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Fifty years ago, astronauts first walked on the moon. Part of NASA’s Apollo program, they kicked off six missions to visit Earth’s lunar neighbor. Once on the moon, Apollo astronauts had two main goals: Get themselves and the moon rocks they gathered home safely.
That meant making space on cramped lunar modules for around 360 kilograms (about 800 pounds) of moon samples. Anything they didn’t need for the ride home got tossed — cameras, hammocks, boots and trash. They even ditched big stuff like moon buggies and launchpads.But the astronauts left more than trashed castoffs. The crews marked their visits with six American flags and plenty of keepsakes. They also left behind about a dozen experiments to keep tabs on the moon. One still runs today.
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| 40 | What Part of the Brain Deals With Anxiety? | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Everyone experiences fear and anxiety at some point in their lives. Fear is an immediate response to a specific threatening stimulus. Anxiety, on the other hand, is less intense but more sustained response to anxiety-inducing sources that may be known. For example, you may be anxious about the possibility of seeing a snake on a hike through the woods, while you may experience fear if one slithered directly in front of you.
In some cases, people can be generally anxious without really knowing why. Normally, the brain manages our fear and anxiety without allowing them to interfere with our daily functioning. If there’s a nearby threat, different areas of the brain help us make sense of the threat by amplifying or quelling our anxiety and fear.
For some people, though, anxiety can be overwhelming, and it can interfere with daily life. Anxiety becomes a problem when these brain areas function inappropriately (or fail to function), setting off a stream of inappropriate or irrational behaviors. Long-lasting anxiety like this may be diagnosed as an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders, like panic disorder or social anxiety disorder, may require therapy to allow patients to lead normal, happy lives.
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| 41 | Why Music Can Give You Goosebumps? | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | About 50 percent of people get chills when listening to music. Research shows that's because music stimulates an ancient reward pathway in the brain, encouraging dopamine to flood the striatum—a part of the forebrain activated by addiction, reward, and motivation. The first chord of your favorite song trickles out of the radio, and suddenly your neck is covered in goosebumps. It’s a phenomenon that one group of scientists calls a “skin orgasm.” But the French call it frisson: chills caused not by a drop in temperature or sudden scare, but by aesthetics. Frisson can come from a song, a painting, a tear-jerking movie scene, or even a beloved memory—pretty much anything that causes the release of pleasure-soaked dopamine in your brain. But it does not come for all of us.
According to a new study, published in the journal Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, there's a deeper reason for this than some people simply appreciating music more than others.
The researchers studied 20 students, half of which reported experiencing chills when listening to music. They used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) - MRI scans which map out the brain - to examine the differences between the two groups.
Those who reported chills had a denser volume of brain fibres that connect the sections that process auditory information and emotions. More fibres means you have more efficient processing between the two sections, explained Matthew Sachs, a co-author of the study from the University of Southern California.
He also concluded that those with these stronger connections may feel more intense emotions generally, not just when they are listening to music.
"Emotional reactions to aesthetic stimuli are intriguing experiences to humans as they are profoundly pleasurable and rewarding, yet highly individualized," the study says. "Finding the behavioral and neural differences between individuals who do and do not experience such reactions may help gain a better understanding of the reward circuitry and the evolutionary significance of aesthetics for humans."
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| 42 | How far is a light-year? | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | A light-year is a unit of distance. It is the distance that light can travel in one year. Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000 kilometers (km) each second. So, in one year, it can travel about 10 trillion km. More precisely, one light-year is equal to 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers.
Why would you want such a big unit of distance? Well, on Earth, a kilometer may be just fine. It is a few hundred kilometers from New York City to Washington, DC; it is a few thousand kilometers from California to Maine. In the universe, the kilometer is just too small to be useful. For example, the distance to the next nearest big galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, is 21 quintillion km. That's 21,000,000,000,000,000,000 km. This is a number so large that it becomes hard to write and hard to interpret. So, astronomers use other units of distance.
In our solar system, we tend to describe distances in terms of the Astronomical Unit (AU). The AU is defined as the average distance between the Earth and the Sun. It is approximately 150 million km (93 million miles). Mercury can be said to be about 1/3 of an AU from the Sun and Pluto averages about 40 AU from the Sun. The AU, however, is not big enough of a unit when we start talking about distances to objects outside our solar system.
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| 43 | How to find the next pandemic virus before it finds us | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | More than 100 years ago, a deadly flu virus circled the globe. It caused the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919. Before it was over, this disease had sickened an estimated 500 million people. That was one-third of everyone alive at that time. Some 20 million to 50 million people died.
Flash forward to the 1970s. People in a small Central Africa village fell ill with a mystery disease. It caused bleeding that would not stop. Soon, this Ebola virus would spread to other villages.
The World Health Organization maintains and regularly revises an R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases. EcoHealth Alliance scientists are among the experts who consult on the list’s revisions. They have seen in recent years the devastation many of the new and emerging diseases on the list–Ebola, Zika, SARS, and Nipah, for instance–can cause.
But knowing what the threat is isn’t necessarily enough to stop it. And that’s where work begins. The hotspots map of global pandemic risk identifies parts of the world in which zoonotic disease is most likely to spillover from animals to humans. They are conducting bio surveillance in nearly 30 countries worldwide so that they can know which viruses are circulating within wildlife populations and where. And they are developing software which can use artificial intelligence to monitor and read millions of scientific reports and alert when people start falling sick, before an outbreak spreads.
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| 44 | Dark data creates a black hole of carbon emission | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Digitization can be part of the solution to climate change but storing digital data that is never used can also consume an enormous amount of energy and, as a result, produce carbon dioxide that need never have been wasted.
According to a report by Veritas about 5.8 million tonnes of CO2 will be unnecessarily pumped into the atmosphere as a result of powering the storage of this kind of data this year alone. In order to protect the planet from this waste, businesses need to get on top of their data management strategies, use the right tools to identify which data is valuable, and rid their data centers of ‘dark data’.
On average, 52% of all data stored by organizations worldwide is ‘dark’ as those responsible for managing it do not have any idea about its content or value. Much has been said about the financial cost of dark data but the environmental cost has, so far, often been overlooked.
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| 45 | Five Clauses Every Partnership Agreement Needs | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | A partnership agreement is a document that defines the rights and responsibilities of a multi-partner LLC. Corporations use bylaws or operating agreements for the same purpose: to ensure that each person knows their roles in running the day-to-day operations of the business. The agreement also explains what happens legally in the event that the partnership dissolves or one partner passes away.
Amanda Neville has some advice for businesses that are writing their partnership agreements. In her article, “Five Clauses Every Partnership Agreement Needs,” she asks a lawyer for the top three clauses that must be addressed in a partnership agreement.
Attorney Megan Eiss-Proctor and Neville identified five areas they recommend every partnership agreement should address:
Decision-making – ensures that everyone agrees on how decisions get made
Capital contributions – explains what will happen when the business needs more funds
Salaries/distributions – determines when partners can take money from the business and how the business will grow
Death/disability – describes the succession plan in the event that a partner dies or becomes legally incapacitated
Dissolution – plans for the scenario in which the partnership decides to dissolve because one partner no longer wants to be involved
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| 46 | Elon Musk: the real-life Iron Man | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Savvy techies may have noticed, in 2010, that Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk had a cameo in “Iron Man 2” as a spectator at the Monaco Grand Prix, pictured above. But Jon Favreau, who directed the first two films in the series, said Musk’s involvement in the films goes further than that.
Born in South Africa in 1971 to an American mother and South African father, he made his first $500 at the age of 12, selling a computer game he had coded to the magazine PC and Office Technology.
His first break came in 1995, when he and his brother Kimbal started the web software company Global Link Information Network, which created and licensed online guides to cities to newspapers. The company was rebranded as Zip2 and won contracts with the New York Times and Chicago Tribune, before selling to Compaq in 1999 for more than $300m. Musk reinvested those proceeds into X.com, an online financial services and payment company, which became PayPal – customers found the name X.com confusing, and some assumed it was pornographic in nature, according to the firm’s market research.
PayPal grew rapidly, but largely without Musk; he was pushed out as chief executive in 2000, but remained on the board with enough stock to get a windfall of $165m when the company was sold to eBay in 2002.
The period following his time at PayPal was the making of the Musk we know today. In 2001, he started thinking seriously about spaceflight, driven by a desire to send a rocket to Mars. The dream hardened into a genuine goal towards the end of the year, according to an early SpaceX investor, when a back-of-an-envelope calculation on the cost of rockets convinced Musk that the cost of reaching orbit could be slashed tenfold.
In 2004, Musk invested heavily in an electric car company called Tesla Motors, founded a year earlier by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Musk’s early investment and active role bought him the right to call himself a co‑founder, and he took over as chief executive in 2008, the same year the firm shipped its first car: the Roadster, a luxury sports car.
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| 47 | The Psychological Price Of Entrepreneurship | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | It can be difficult to imagine that entrepreneurship takes a psychological toll, thanks in large part to the media’s tendency to show the luxurious and exciting lifestyles of high-profile, successful entrepreneurs. However, those entrepreneurs are a very small percentage. Most successful entrepreneurs don’t have private jets or islands. Most don’t rub shoulders with diplomats or well-known celebrities. Most of us entrepreneurs live well, but not extravagantly by any means.
That is not to say these wealthy entrepreneurs have it made. Just like all entrepreneurs, achieving goals and maintaining success is quite challenging and can come with a psychological price. This is the nature of our chosen path.
Dr. Freeman and co-authors of the study uncovered that mental health was a concern for 72% of the participating entrepreneurs. It was concluded that, “The findings of this study are important because they suggest an underlying relationship between entrepreneurship and many of the affective, cognitive, and behavioral differences associated with mental health conditions.”
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| 48 | Artificial Intelligence: The next digital frontier | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Artificial Intelligence (AI) is predicted to be one of the next big digital disruptions. According to a PWC report, the big question is how to secure the talent, technology, and access to data to make the most of this disruption.
Let’s look at the growth of AI using some facts. In a discussion paper on AI published by McKinsey Global Institute, it has been highlighted that in 2016, companies invested $26 billion to $39 billion in artificial intelligence with tech giants and startups leading the pack. While 20% of the AI firms say they’re adopters, 41% of the firms are not very sure about the benefits of AI. The sectors that are strong adopters are high tech, automotive, and financial services sectors. These are followed by retail, media, and CPG, which are medium adopters. Finally, education, healthcare and tourism are sectors in which the adoption is pretty low.
AI implementation can directly impact the value chain of a company by impacting various functions such as R&D, production, marketing, and user experience. AI promises benefits but also poses urgent challenges that cut across firms, developers, governments, and workers.
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| 49 | Kylie Jenner: World's youngest billionaire | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The youngest Kardashian family member is making her fortune from her best-selling cosmetics business. The 21-year-old founded and owns Kylie Cosmetics, the three-year-old beauty business that generated an estimated $360m in sales last year.
She reached the milestone earlier than Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg who became a billionaire aged 23.
Jenner is the founder of Kylie Cosmetics. The company was valued at $1.2 million when Jenner agreed to sell a 51% majority stake in it to beauty conglomerate Coty Inc. in 2019.
"I didn't expect anything. I did not foresee the future.
"But the recognition feels really good. That's a nice pat on the back," Ms Jenner told Forbes.
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| 50 | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the monetary value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific period. GDP provides an economic snapshot of a country, used to estimate the size of an economy and growth rate. GDP can be calculated in three ways, using expenditures, production, or incomes.
The first basic concept of GDP was invented at the end of the 18th century. The modern concept was developed by the American economist Simon Kuznets in 1934 and adopted as the main measure of a country's economy at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944.
How to calculate GDP?
GDP can be calculated in three ways: using the production, expenditure, or income approach. All methods should give the same result.
Production approach: sum of the “value-added” (total sales minus the value of intermediate inputs) at each stage of production.
Expenditure approach: sum of purchases made by final users.
Income approach: sum of the incomes generated by production subjects.
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| 51 | HS Football Manager with Down Syndrome Scores Touchdown | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Robby Heil, a high school senior with Down syndrome, is a manager of his school's football team in Novi, Michigan. In September, that team paid tribute to Heil by setting up an opportunity for him to shine on the field.
Robby's mother Debbie, who is terminally ill, witnessed the moment. She said, per Rose: "I dropped to the ground because I was so emotional when I saw him make that touchdown. I've always been proud of him being the water boy, or as people call him the hydration manager, but this was incredible, he's Rudy tonight, he's Rudy."
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| 52 | The Ugly Truth About Horse Racing | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Before a high-profile horse race, activists stand outside the gates with protest signs. Although horse racing has been revered for centuries, recent research has exposed the industry as unethical for the young horses that serve as its centerpiece. The physical symbols of horse racing: the extravagant hats, wealthy betters and peak equine athletes, are all glamorous.
Today, however, horse racing is big business and we stand on the brink of an age where it attracts a lot of support, but also a plentiful amount of criticism. The fact is, horse racing is beneficial, but also detrimental to not just the horses involved, but society as well.
“Racing is a hard sport, and young horses are started in it as two-year-olds when their bones are not fully grown. They are highly prone to injury in which some injuries are fatal, and over twenty horses die in racing in the U.S. alone, every week".
In general, racehorses normally only race two to four years before going into retirement. This is mainly because all racehorses endure intense workout schedules to build up their endurance through constant conditioning which takes a toll on their bodies after just a few years.
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| 53 | Formula One Racing | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Formula One automobile racing has its roots in the European Grand Prix championships of the 1920s and 1930s, though the foundation of the modern Formula One began in 1946 with the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile's (FIA) standardization of rules, which was followed by a World Championship of Drivers in 1950.
Formula One (also known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and owned by the Formula One Group. The World Drivers' Championship, which became the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1981, has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950. The word "formula" in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants' cars must conform. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix (French for ''grand prizes' or 'great prizes''), which take place worldwide on purpose-built circuits and on public roads.
The results of each race are evaluated using a points system to determine two annual World Championships: one for drivers, the other for constructors. Drivers must hold valid Super Licenses, the highest class of racing license issued by the FIA. The races must run on tracks graded "1" (formerly "A"), the highest grade-rating issued by the FIA. Most events occur in rural locations on purpose-built tracks, but several events take place on city streets.
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| 54 | Paralyzed Pregnant Woman Completes Half-Marathon | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | A pregnant, paralyzed woman completed a half-marathon in England in five days with help from a bionic exoskeleton that allows her to walk.
Claire Lomas, 36, became paralyzed from the chest down when she was thrown from a horse in 2007. Lomas, who also happened to be sixteen-weeks pregnant while she competed in the half-marathon, is able to walk despite her paralysis, with the help of a robotic exoskeleton, built by the company Re-Walk.
It took her five days to complete the 13.1-mile route, walking about 3 miles a day. This was made possible by an exoskeleton from ReWalk, a product that we have covered here in the past. The self-contained system includes a battery backpack to provide power. The exoskeleton sensors respond to shifting weight, and the system moves the various components in a way that mimics a normal walking gait. The wearer starts walking by leaning forward. The result is that paralyzed wearers can regain personal mobility without the need to rely solely on a wheelchair.
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| 55 | Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, officially known as Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games, is the highest sporting honor of the Republic of India.[1] The award is named after Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India who served the office from 1984 to 1989.[2] It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The recipient(s) is/are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and is honored for their "spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at international level. As of 2018, the award comprises a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹7.5 lakh (US$11,000).
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| 56 | World Wrestling Entertainment | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | WWE or World Wrestling Entertainment was originally founded by Jess McMahon in 1952. It was then known as the Capitol Wrestling Corporation (CWF). Upon his death, his second son, Vincent J. McMahon. inherited the business and renamed it as Worldwide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) in 1963. His son Vincent K. McMahon assumed control in 1971. In March 1979, he renames the organization as the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). Vincent K. McMahon founded Titan Sports in 1980 and applied the trademark of the WWF. The company changed their name to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) after they lost a lawsuit brought by the World Wildlife Foundation over the initials of WWF in 2002. The name change became official on May 06, 2002.
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| 57 | Yuvraj Singh Hit Six Sixes In One Over | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Yuvraj Singh, former India all-rounder, was known for his ability to score huge sixes and he was clinical in India's T20 World Cup triumph back in 2007. During the inaugural edition of the tournament in South Africa, Yuvraj Singh smashed England fast bowler Stuart Broad for six sixes in an over to become the only player to achieve the feat in T20Is. Yuvraj was fired up after a verbal spat with England all-rounder Andrew Flintoff at the end of 18th over. The left-hander then took Stuart Broad to the cleaners by collecting 36 runs in six balls in the 19th over.
Yuvraj's devastating barrage against Stuart Broad helped him score the quickest half-century in cricket history, in only 12 balls - a feat which has twice been matched in T20 cricket, but not surpassed.
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| 58 | Dhyan Chand: Great Magician of Hockey | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Dhyan Chand, the man who mesmerised everyone with his silky stick-work that saw him earn the nickname ‘hockey wizard.’
Born on August 29, 1905, in Allahabad to Sharadha Singh and Sameshwar Singh - a soldier in the British Indian Army, Dhyan Singh was drawn towards hockey at a very early age. Like his father, he too enrolled himself in the army at the age of 16 and continued to play his favourite sport there.
Chand is most remembered for his goal-scoring feats and for his three Olympic gold medals (1928, 1932, and 1936) in field hockey, while India was dominant in the sport. He joined the Indian army in 1922 and came to prominence when he toured New Zealand with the army team in 1926. After playing in the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games, Chand captained the Indian team at the 1936 Games in Berlin, scoring three goals in the 8–1 defeat of Germany in the final match. During India’s victorious world tour of 1932, he scored 133 goals. Known as “the Wizard” for his superb ball control, Chand played his final international match in 1948, having scored more than 400 goals during his international career.
In 1956 he retired from the army with the rank of major. His son, Ashok Kumar Singh, was a member of India’s Olympic field hockey teams in the 1970s and scored the winning goal in the 1975 World Cup championship.
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| 59 | The Championships, Wimbledon | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Since the first Championships in 1877, Wimbledon has grown from its roots as a garden-party tournament to a Grand Slam tournament with a following of millions around the world. The only Slam contested on grass continues to honor many long-standing traditions, including a strict dress code for competitors, the eating of strawberries and cream, and royal patronage. In 2013, Andy Murray became the first British male singles champion since Fred Perry in 1936.
Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open, the French Open and the US Open. Since the Australian Open shifted to hardcourt in 1988, Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass, which is widely considered as the classic tennis court.
The tournament traditionally took place over two weeks in late June and early July, starting on the last Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Finals, scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week. However, recent changes to the tennis calendar have seen the event moved back by a week to begin in early July. Five major events are held each year, with additional junior and invitational competitions also taking place.
Wimbledon traditions include a strict all-white dress code for competitors and royal patronage. Strawberry and cream are traditionally consumed at the tournament.In 2017, fans consumed 34,000 kg (33 tons) of English strawberries and 10,000 litres (2,200 gallons) of cream.
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| 60 | The history of football (soccer) | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Football (or soccer as the game is called in some parts of the world) has a long history. Football in its current form arose in England in the middle of the 19th century. But alternative versions of the game existed much earlier and are a part of the football history.
Early history and the precursors of football
The first known examples of a team game involving a ball, which was made out of a rock, occurred in old Mesoamerican cultures for over 3,000 years ago. According to the sources, the ball would symbolize the sun and the captain of the losing team would be sacrificed to the gods.
In Mesoamerica, the vast historical region spanning from Mexico to Costa Rica, civilizations flourished well before Columbus “discovered” them, and many of these people played a sport that involved a heavy ball made from a substance derived from tree resin.
It’s unclear exactly where the game was invented, but it was popular across Mesoamerican cultures like the Teotihuacanos, Aztecs, and Maya beginning about 3,000 years ago. Its name varied—ullamaliztli in Aztec, pok-ta-pok or pitz in Maya—and so did its rules, which included moves such as keeping the ball in play by bumping it with body parts or using racquets or bats.
Globalization of the biggest sport in the world
In the late 19th century, only a few national football teams existed; England and Scotland had the first active teams that played games against each other in the 1870s. Today there are 211 national associations included in the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the world governing body of the sport. Another proof of the globalization could be seen in the increase of nations participating in the World Cup qualifiers: from 32 in 1934 to over 200 in 2014.
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| 61 | IED Attack: Improvised Explosive Devices | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | What Is It?
An improvised explosive device (IED) attack is the use of a “homemade” bomb and/or destructive device to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. IEDs are used by criminals, vandals, terrorists, suicide bombers, and insurgents. Because they are improvised, IEDs can come in many forms, ranging from a small pipe bomb to a sophisticated device capable of causing massive damage and loss of life. IEDs can be carried or delivered in a vehicle; carried, placed, or thrown by a person; delivered in a package, or concealed on the roadside. The term IED came into common usage during the Iraq War that began in 2003.
Elements of an IED
IEDs consist of a variety of components that include an initiator, switch, main charge, power source, and a container. IEDs may be surrounded by or packed with additional materials or “enhancements” such as nails, glass, or metal fragments designed to increase the amount of shrapnel propelled by the explosion.
Materials Used as Explosives in IEDs
Many commonly available materials, such as fertilizer, gunpowder, and hydrogen peroxide, can be used as explosive materials in IEDs. Explosives must contain fuel and an oxidizer, which provides the oxygen needed to sustain the reaction. A common example is ANFO, a mixture of ammonium nitrate, which acts as the oxidizer, and fuel oil (the fuel source). Concern about the use of explosives created from liquid components that can be transported in a stable form and mixed at the site of the attack is the reason that in 2006 the U.S. Department of Homeland Security restricted the number of liquids that passengers can carry on commercial aircraft.
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| 62 | Ozone (O3) : Is helpful or harmful ? | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | A single atom can make a big difference in the way a molecule works — so can its location. The everyday air we breathe has two atoms of oxygen (O2) in it. Ozone is a gas made up of three atoms of oxygen (O3). And while we need oxygen to survive, ozone can either help us or hurt us — depending on where it is.
Difference between helpful and harmful ozone?
Ozone can be helpful or harmful to your health and the environment, depending on its location in the atmosphere. Helpful ozone exists naturally high above the Earth’s surface and protects us from the sun’s ultraviolet rays (radiation). Human-made air pollutants damage the helpful ozone.
Harmful ozone is close to the ground. It comes from human activities that release chemicals into the air, which react with sunlight to create ground-level ozone.
How can ozone affect our health?
When human-made air pollutants destroy helpful ozone, people may receive too much ultraviolet radiation. This may cause:
- Cataracts (clouding of the eye lens, which leads to poor vision)
- Problem with the immune system (the system that fights diseases)
- Skin cancer
- Too much ultraviolet radiation may also damage crops (plants we grow for food) and other plants.
Contact with harmful ozone can cause:
- Coughing
- Irritated throat
- Worsening in respiratory (breathing) disorders, such as asthma and bronchitis
- Regular contact with ozone can also cause permanent damage to the lungs, especially in children, because their lungs are still developing.
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| 63 | King Cobra : National reptile of India | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), is in the Elapidae family of snakes. It is the longest venomous snake in the world. An adult King cobra can grow up to 18 feet (5.5 m), though most are less than 12 ft (3.7 m). It is the "National reptile of India".
The King cobra lives throughout India and in some parts of the south and the east of Asia. It is known around the world for its dangerous venom. It mostly avoids humans. King cobra lives up to 20 years.
The King cobra lives in thick forests and likes areas dotted with lakes and streams.
It eats mostly snakes but sometimes lizards and rodents. After a large meal, it may live months before eating again.
The Indian grey mongoose is one of the few predators of the King cobra but may not attack them much.
Venom
The venom from a bite can be deadly. The snake can kill a man with a single bite. The mortality rate can be as high as 75% without antivenom.
There are two kinds of antivenom that can be used to help when someone is bitten. Bites do not happen often, snake handlers are most likely to be bitten.
Parenting
Unlike many snakes, the female king cobra is a very good parent. It makes a mound as a nest for its eggs and protects them for 60-90 days until they hatch. It lays 20-40 eggs. The mother stays until the eggs begin to hatch and then leaves to find food for herself. Baby king cobras are 18–22 inches (460–560 mm) and have venom as strong as adults.
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| 64 | Char Dham: Four Vaishnava Pilgrims of India | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | There are four Vaishnava pilgrims defined by Guru Shankaracharya and every Hindu must visit there once in life which will help them to attain peace for the soul. Out of which, Badrinath is situated in the north, Dwarka to the west, Jagannath Puri in the east and Rameswaram Dham in the south. In Hindu mythology, Hari is called Vishnu while Har or Shiva is called Shashwat Mitra (eternal friend). It is believed that while Lord Vishnu resides, Lord Shiva also lives closer. These four Dhams are also not considered as exceptions. Therefore, the pair of Badrinath to Kedarnath, Rangnath Swami of Rameshwaram, Somnath is considered as a pair of Dwarka, Lingaraj appears as a complete pair although there is also a thing.
The fact required to note down is that Char Dham of India and Char Dham of Uttarakhand state are different. Char Dham of Uttarakhand is considered as Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath Dham.
Dwarka Dham: Dwarka, Gujrat
Math: Sharada Math | Seed Mantra: Tatwamasi | Ved: Samaveda | Sanyasi Name: Saraswati, Tirth, Ashram | First Mathadhish: Hastamalak (Prthvidhar) | Direction: West | Auxiliary Shiva Temple: Somnath Jyotirlinga | Kumbh: Ujjain
Jagannath Dham: Puri, Odisha
Math: Govardhan Math | Seed Mantra: Prajnanam Brahma | Ved: Rigveda | Sanyasi Name: Arany | First Mathadhish: Padmapad | Direction: East | Auxiliary Shiva Temple: Lingaraj Temple | Kumbh: Prayagraj
Rameswaram Dham: Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu
Math: Vedant Gyanmath | Seed Mantra: Aham Brahmasmi | Ved: Yajurveda | Sanyasi Name: Bharti, Puri | First Mathadhish: Acharya Sureshwarji | Direction: South | Auxiliary Shiva Temple: Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple | Kumbh: Nashik
Badrinath Dham: Uttarakhand
Math: Jyotirmath | Seed Mantra: Ayamatma Brahma | Ved: Atharvaveda | Sanyasi Name: Giri, Parvat, Sagar | First Mathadhish: Acharya Totak | Direction: North | Auxiliary Shiva Temple: Kedarnath Jyotirlinga | Kumbh: Haridwar
In His different incarnations, Lord Vishnu takes bath in Rameswaram, meditate in Badrinath, feast in Puri and rest in Dwarka.
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| 65 | What is an Eclipse? Facts, Information, History & Definition | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | What is an eclipse?
An eclipse happens when a planet or a moon gets in the way of the Sun’s light. Here on Earth, we can experience two kinds of eclipses: solar eclipses and lunar eclipses.
Solar Eclipse
A Solar Eclipse happens when the moon gets in the way of the sun’s light and casts its shadow on Earth. That means during the day, the moon moves over the sun and it gets dark. Isn’t it strange that it gets dark in the middle of the day?
This total eclipse happens about every year and a half somewhere on Earth. A partial eclipse, when the moon doesn’t completely cover the sun, happens at least twice a year somewhere on Earth.
But not everyone experiences every solar eclipse. Getting a chance to see a total solar eclipse is rare. The moon’s shadow on Earth isn’t very big, so only a small portion of places on Earth will see it. You have to be on the sunny side of the planet when it happens. You also have to be in the path of the moon’s shadow.
On average, the same spot on Earth only gets to see a solar eclipse for a few minutes about every 375 years!
Caution!
Never look directly at the sun, even for a second! It will damage your eyesight forever!
To view a solar eclipse, use special solar viewing glasses. Get them from a camera store or online.
SUNGLASSES DO NOT WORK, EVEN IF YOU STACK MANY OF THEM TOGETHER.
Lunar Eclipse
During a lunar eclipse, Earth gets in the way of the sun’s light hitting the moon. That means that during the night, a full moon fades away as Earth’s shadow covers it up.
The moon can also look reddish because Earth’s atmosphere absorbs the other colours while it bends some sunlight toward the moon. Sunlight bending through the atmosphere and absorbing other colours is also why sunsets are orange and red.
During a total lunar eclipse, the moon is shining from all the sunrises and sunsets occurring on Earth!
Why don’t we have a lunar eclipse every month?
You might be wondering why we don’t have a lunar eclipse every month as the moon orbits Earth. It’s true that the moon goes around Earth every month, but it doesn’t always get in Earth’s shadow. The moon’s path around Earth is tilted compared to Earth’s orbit around the sun. The moon can be behind Earth but still get hit by light from the sun. Because they don’t happen every month, a lunar eclipse is a special event. Unlike solar eclipses, lots of people get to see each lunar eclipse. If you live on the nighttime half of Earth when the eclipse happens, you’ll be able to see it.
Remembering the Difference:
It’s easy to get these two types of eclipses mixed up. An easy way to remember the difference is in the name. The name tells you what gets darker when the eclipse happens. In a solar eclipse, the sun gets darker. In a lunar eclipse, the moon gets darker.
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| 66 | History of major epidemics and pandemics | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Throughout the course of history, disease outbreaks have ravaged humanity, sometimes changing the course of history and, at times, signalling the end of entire civilizations. Here are 21 of the worst epidemics and pandemics, dating from prehistoric to modern times.
1. Prehistoric epidemic: Circa 3000 B.C.
Place- China, About 5,000 years ago.
2. Plague of Athens: 430 B.C.
Place- Athens. After a war between Athens and Sparta began. Death toll- Over 100,000. Symptoms- heat in the head, redness, and inflammation in the eyes, throat, or tongue.
3. Antonine Plague: A.D. 165-180
Place- Roman Empire. Death toll- Over 5 million. Symptoms- smallpox.
4. Plague of Cyprian: A.D. 250-271
Place- Tunisia. estimated to have killed 5,000 people a day.
5. Plague of Justinian: A.D. 541-542
Place- Byzantine Empire. Death toll- 10% of the world's population.
6. The Black Death: 1346-1353
Place- Asia to Europe. Death toll- half of Europe's population. It was caused by a strain of the bacterium Yersinia pestis that is likely extinct today and was spread by fleas on infected rodents.
7. Cocoliztli epidemic: 1545-1548
Place- Mexico and Central America. Death toll- Over 15 million. Symptoms- viral hemorrhagic fever
8. American Plagues: 16th century
Death toll- 90% of the Western Hemisphere. Symptoms- smallpox.
9. Great Plague of London: 1665-1666
Death toll- 15% of the population of London. Fleas from plague-infected rodents were one of the main causes of transmission.
10. Great Plague of Marseille: 1720-1723
Death toll- (100,000)30% of the population of Marseille.
11. Russian plague: 1770-1772
Death toll- More than 100,000.
12. Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic: 1793
Place- United States. Death toll- Over 5000. carried and transmitted by mosquitoes.
13. Flu pandemic: 1889-1890
Place- Across the globe. Death toll- Over 1 million.
14. American polio epidemic: 1916
It started in New York City. The disease mainly affects children and sometimes leaves survivors with permanent disabilities. Polio epidemics occurred sporadically in the United States until the Salk vaccine was developed in 1954.
15. Spanish Flu: 1918-1920
Despite the name Spanish Flu, the disease likely did not start in Spain. Death toll- 500 million from the South Seas to the North Pole. The flu's spread and lethality were enhanced by the cramped conditions of soldiers and poor wartime nutrition that many people were experiencing during World War I.
16. Asian Flu: 1957-1958
Place- Across the globe with roots in China. Death toll- more than 1.1 million.
17. AIDS pandemic and epidemic: 1981-present day
Place- Across the globe. Death toll- 35 million lives since it was first identified. likely developed from a chimpanzee virus that transferred to humans in West Africa in the 1920s. For decades, the disease had no known cure, but medication developed in the 1990s now allows people with the disease to experience a normal life span with regular treatment. Even more encouraging, two people have been cured of HIV as of early 2020.
18. H1N1 Swine Flu pandemic: 2009-2010
The virus infected as many as 1.4 billion people across the globe and killed between 151,700 and 575,400 people. Caused by a new strain of H1N1 that originated in Mexico. Primarily affected children and young adults, and 80% of the deaths were in people younger than 65. A vaccine for the H1N1 virus that caused the swine flu is now included in the annual flu vaccine.
19. West African Ebola epidemic: 2014-2016
Place- West Africa. 28,600 reported cases and 11,325 deaths. There is no cure for Ebola, although efforts at finding a vaccine are ongoing. The first known cases of Ebola occurred in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976, and the virus may have originated in bats.
20. Zika Virus epidemic: 2015-present day
Place- South America and Central America. The Zika virus is usually spread through mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, although it can also be sexually transmitted in humans. While Zika is usually not harmful to adults or children, it can attack infants who are still in the womb and cause birth defects.
21. Coronavirus(COVID-19) pandemic: 2020 (Ongoing)
Place: Across the globe with roots in China. 3,665,403 reported cases and 252,950 deaths(counting). Recovered: 1,206,314. Common symptoms: fever, tiredness, dry cough,
Some people may experience aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, diarrhea.
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| 67 | Just for Example | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | What Is an Asteroid?
Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the sun. Although asteroids orbit the sun like planets, they are much smaller than planets. Most of them live in the main asteroid belt—a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids hang out in other places, too. For example, some asteroids are found in the orbital path of planets. This means that the asteroid and the planet follow the same path around the sun. Earth and a few other planets have asteroids like this.
Where did asteroids come from?
Asteroids are leftover from the formation of our solar system. Our solar system began about 4.6 billion years ago when a big cloud of gas and dust collapsed. When this happened, most of the material fell to the center of the cloud and formed the sun.
Some of the condensing dust in the cloud became planets. The objects in the asteroid belt never had the chance to be incorporated into planets. They are leftovers from that time long ago when planets formed.
Are all asteroids the same?
No way! Because asteroids formed in different locations at different distances from the sun, no two asteroids are alike.
- Asteroids aren’t all round like planets. They have jagged and irregular shapes.
- Some asteroids are hundreds of miles in diameter, but many more are as small as pebbles.
- Most asteroids are made of different kinds of rocks, but some have clays or metals, such as nickel and iron.
What can we learn from asteroids?
These space rocks can give scientists lots of information about the history of the planets and the sun. Scientists can learn about asteroids by studying meteorites: tiny bits of asteroids that have flown through our atmosphere and landed on Earth’s surface.
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| 68 | Coronavirus(COVID-19): Protective Measures | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | What to Do About Coronavirus:
There is no vaccine for coronavirus. To help prevent a coronavirus infection, do the below things:
- Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or clean them with alcohol-based hand rub.
- Maintain at least 1-meter distance between you and people coughing or sneezing.
- Avoid touching your face.
- Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
- Stay home if you feel unwell.
- Refrain from smoking and other activities that weaken the lungs.
- Practice physical distancing by avoiding unnecessary travel and staying away from large groups of people.
- If you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical care early.
- Stay informed and follow the advice given by your healthcare provider.
Information - World Health Organization: WHO
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| 69 | Coronavirus (COVID-19): Myth Busters | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | - COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates.
- Cold weather and snow CANNOT kill the new coronavirus.
- Taking a hot bath does not prevent the new coronavirus disease.
- The new coronavirus(COVID 19) CANNOT be transmitted through mosquito bites.
- Hand dryers are not effective in killing the new coronavirus.
- Ultraviolet disinfection lamp CANNOT kill the new coronavirus but UV radiation can cause skin irritation.
- Thermal scanners are effective in detecting people infected with the new coronavirus who have developed a fever but are not effective yet sick with a fever.
- No. Spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body will not kill viruses that have already entered your body. Spraying such substances can be harmful to clothes or mucous membranes.
- No. Vaccines against pneumonia, such as pneumococcal vaccine and Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) vaccine, do not provide protection against the new coronavirus.
- No. There is no evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline has protected people from infection with the new coronavirus.
- Garlic is a healthy food that may have some antimicrobial properties. However, there is no evidence from the current outbreak that eating garlic has protected people from the new coronavirus.
- People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Older people and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease) appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus.
- No, antibiotics do not work against viruses, only bacteria.
The new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a virus and, therefore, antibiotics should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment.
- To date, there is no specific medicine recommended to prevent or treat the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
Information - World Health Organization: WHO
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| 70 | Brahma Muhurta: Best Time to Create Yourself | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Brahma muhurta (time of Brahma) is a period (muhurta) one and a half hours before sunrise or more precisely, 1 hour and 36 minutes before sunrise. Literally meaning "The Creator's Hour", it is traditionally the penultimate phase or muhurta of the night and is considered an auspicious time for all practices for your aim and for meditation & worship. You become the Brahman in the morning, so you can make yourself the way you want yourself to be. The time of sunrise varies each day, according to geographic location and time of year, thus the time of the Brahma muhurta also varies. For example, if sunrise is at 6 am, the Brahma muhurta begins at 4:24 am. If sunrise is at 7 am, Brahma muhurta begins at 5:24 am, and so on.
Importance of waking up in Brahma Muhurta:
Ayurveda states that there are three doshas found in the human physical body, called Vata (Air and Ether), Pitta (Fire and Water) and Kapha (Earth and Water). The increase or decrease of these three doshas is related to the cycles of time. From sunrise until 10:00 am is the time of Kapha; from 10:00 am until 2:00 pm is Pitta time; and from 2:00 pm until sunset (6:00 pm) is the time of Vata. The evening follows a similar pattern.
There is substantial research into this. The entire body is in a certain conducive atmosphere, and there is a natural product of what is called melatonin, which is a secretion of the pineal gland. We want to make use of this because the pineal gland is secreting at its maximum during Brahma Muhurta, which means you can stabilize.
Early to bed and early to rise makes and man healthy, wealthy and wise. So take a step to add Brahma Muhurta in your habit & achieve your goal.
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| 71 | Holika Dahan: The Truth Behind | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Holika Dahan also Kamudu pyre is celebrated by burning Holika, an asura. For many traditions in Hinduism, Holi celebrates the killing of Holika by Vishnu in order to save Prahlad, a devotee of God Vishnu in the city of Multan Pakistan, and thus Holi gets its name and Killing bad things of life this Holi ka Dahan In olden days, people used to contribute a piece of wood or two for the Holika bonfire, and this represents Holika being consumed by the fire in which she tried to kill her nephew Prahlad.
The Ritual:
Prepare Holika pyre for bonfire
Days before the festival people start gathering wood and combustible materials for the bonfire in parks, community centers, near temples and other open spaces. On top of the pyre is an effigy to signify Holika who tricked Prahalad into the fire. Inside homes, people stock up on color pigments, food, party drinks and festive seasonal foods such as gujiya, mathri, malpuas, and other regional delicacies.
Holika Dahan
On the eve of Holi, typically at or after sunset, the pyre is lit, signifying Holika Dahan. The ritual symbolizes the victory of good over evil. People sing and dance around the fire. People also perform parikrama of fire.
The next day people play Holi, the popular festival of colors.
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| 72 | SHIV JAYANTI (19th Feb): Birth Anniversary Of a Great Leader | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Shiv Jayanti or Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti is a festival and public holiday of the Indian state of Maharashtra. This festival is celebrated on February 19, celebrating the birth anniversary of the Maratha emperor, Chatrapati Shivaji. This festival is celebrated in a small extent outside Maharashtra. Some people celebrate this day by Hindu Calendar in Maharashtra.
History:
In the year 1869, Mahatma Jyotirao Phule discovered the tomb of Shivaji Maharaj on Raigad and wrote the first and longest Ballad on his life. Shiv Jayanti was started by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule in 1870 with the first event in Pune. Since then Shiv Jayanti expanded on a large scale. After this, Bal Gangadhar Tilak worked to unite people during British Oppression through Shiv Jayanti. In the 20th century, Babasaheb Ambedkar also celebrated Shiv Jayanti, who was twice the president of Shiv Jayanti's program.
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| 73 | Romantic Time: Valentine's Week | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | VocabGuru wishes you and all your loved ones a wonderful Valentine's week spent together. Hoping it's full of chocolates, flowers, and lots of love! I wish you and your family a very happy Valentine's week!
What is Valentine's Day?
St Valentine's Day is an annual festival to celebrate romantic love, friendship, and admiration. Every year on 14 February people celebrate this day by sending messages of love and affection to partners, family, and friends.
The Early History of Valentine's Day:
Valentine's Day, also called Saint Valentine's Day or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is celebrated annually on February 14. Originating as a Western Christian feast day honouring one or two early saints named Valentinus, Valentine's Day is recognized as a significant cultural, religious, and commercial celebration of romance and romantic love in many regions around the world. Valentine was executed on 14 February in the year 270.
How did Valentine's Day develop?
It wasn't until more than 200 years later that 14 February was proclaimed St Valentine's Day. The poet Chaucer in the Middle Ages was the first to link St Valentine with romantic love. This was the beginning of the tradition of courtly love, a ritual of expressing love and admiration, usually in secret.
Valentine's Day Symbols:
Saint Valentine's Day cards were decorated with pictures of cupid, hearts, and flowers and trimmed with lace and ribbon. These images are still used today to symbolize love and are recognized all over the world.
What is Valentine's Day in Contemporary Times?
While Valentine's Day is celebrated in most countries, different cultures have developed their own traditions for this festival. In some parts of the world, Valentine's Day is observed as a day for expressing love between family members and friends, rather than that of romantic couples. Some traditions include leaving lollies and gifts for children and others include acts of appreciation between friends.
Valentine's Day is most commonly associated with romantic love, with millions of Valentine's Day cards being exchanged each year. Gifts of flowers or a single red rose are sent with romantic messages to loved ones and couples spend special time together.
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| 74 | 2020 Union Budget of INDIA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Annual Financial Statement of the Central Government for the year 2020 - 21, The Finance Bill, 2020. Finance Minister (FM) Nirmala Sitharaman(BJP) has presented the Union Budget 2020 of India on the 1st of February, 2020. The government has taken some measures towards reaching the target of a $5 trillion economy by the end of 2022. This is the second budget after Narendra Modi led National Democratic Alliance(NDA) returned to power for a second term. This year's Union Budget centers around three ideas — Aspirational India, Economic development, A Caring Society.
Let’s find out in details about the sector-wise measures announced:
TAX:
1. A new tax regime has been announced. Those who want to be in the old regime with exemptions can continue.
2. Over 70 deductions have been removed.
3. Companies will no longer be required to pay Dividend Distribution Tax(DDT)
Refer above image
ECONOMY & FINANCE:
1. Bank deposit insurance cover has been increased from Rs.1 lakh to Rs.5 lakh per depositor.
2. Govt. plans to amend the Companies Act to decriminalize civil offense.
3. Govt. to sell part of its stake in LIC via a public offering.
AGRICULTURE:
1. A budget allocation of Rs.2.83 lakh crore for the sector comprising agriculture and allied activities.
2. Provide 20 lakh farmers to set up standalone solar pumps. Help another 15 lakh farmers to solarise their power grid.
3. Agri-credit availability set at 15 lakh crore for 2020-21.
HEALTH & SANITATION:
1. Allocation of Rs.69,000 crore for the health sector
2. 12,300 crores for Swachh Bharat Mission this year.
3. Proposal to set up hospitals in Tier-II and Tier-III cities with the private sector using PPP.
4. “TB Harega Desh Jeetega” campaign launched to end TB by 2025
EDUCATION:
1. Rs. 99,300 crore for the education sector in 2021 and about Rs.3,000 crore for skill development.
2. Urban local bodies to provide internship to young engineers for a year.
3. Degree level full-fledged online courses by institutions top-ranked by NIRF, especially to benefit underprivileged students.
INFRASTRUCTURE:
1. Proposal to provide Rs.1.7 lakh crore for transport infrastructure in 2021.
2. Chennai-Bengaluru Expressway and Bengaluru suburban rail project to be started.
3. Aim to achieve electrification of 27000 km of lines.
MSMEs:
1. Amendments will be made to the Factor Regulation Act, 2011.
2. Amendments to be made to enable NBFCs to extend invoice financing to MSMEs.
3. App-based financing loans will be introduced for MSMEsApp-based invoice financing loans product to be launched.
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| 75 | CORONA: People's War Against Deadly Virus | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | What Is a Coronavirus?
Coronaviruses were first identified in the 1960s, but we don't know where they come from. They get their name from their crown-like shape. Sometimes, but not often, a coronavirus can infect both animals and humans.
Most coronaviruses spread the same way other cold-causing viruses do: through infected people coughing and sneezing, by touching an infected person's hands or face, or by touching things such as doorknobs that infected people have touched.
Almost everyone gets a coronavirus infection at least once in their life, most likely as a young child. In the United States, coronaviruses are more common in the fall and winter, but anyone can come down with a coronavirus infection at any time.
A coronavirus is a kind of common virus that causes an infection in your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. Most coronaviruses are not dangerous.
Some types of coronaviruses are serious, though. About 858 people have died from Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), which first appeared in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and then in other countries in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe. In April 2014, the first American was hospitalized for MERS in Indiana and another case was reported in Florida. Both had just returned from Saudi Arabia. In May 2015, there was an outbreak of MERS in Korea, which was the largest outbreak outside of the Arabian Peninsula. In 2003, 774 people died from a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. As of 2015, there were no further reports of cases of SARS.
But In early 2020, following a December 2019 outbreak in China, the World Health Organization identified a new type, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
Common Symptoms of Coronavirus:
The symptoms of most coronaviruses are similar to any other upper respiratory infection, including runny nose, coughing, sore throat, and sometimes a fever. In most cases, you won't know whether you have a coronavirus or a different cold-causing virus, such as rhinovirus.
You could get lab tests, including nose and throat cultures and blood work, to find out whether your cold was caused by a coronavirus, but there's no reason to. The test results wouldn't change how you treat your symptoms, which typically go away in a few days.
But if a coronavirus infection spreads to the lower respiratory tract (your windpipe and your lungs), it can cause pneumonia, especially in older people, people with heart disease, or people with weakened immune systems.
What to Do About Coronavirus:
There is no vaccine for coronavirus. To help prevent a coronavirus infection, do the same things you do to avoid the common cold:
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water or with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
- Keep your hands and fingers away from your eyes, nose, and mouth.
- Avoid close contact with people who are infected.
- You treat a coronavirus infection the same way you treat a cold:
- Get plenty of rest.
- Drink fluids.
- Take over-the-counter medicine for a sore throat and fever.
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| 76 | Statue of Unity: World's tallest statue, INDIA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Statue of Unity is a colossal statue of Indian statesman and independence activist Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Who was Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel?
First Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of independent India and the chief adherent of Mahatma Gandhi during the non-violent Indian Independence movement. Patel was highly respected for his leadership in uniting the 562 princely states of India to form the single Union of India. It is located in the state of Gujarat, India. It is the world's tallest statue. The project was first announced in 2010 and the construction of the statue started in October 2013 by Larsen & Toubro, with a total construction cost of Rs 2,989 crores. A separate Society named Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Rashtriya Ekta Trust (SVPRET) has been formed under the Chairmanship of Chief Minister, Government of Gujarat, to ensure seamless execution of the entire project.
Address: Sardar Sarovar Dam, Statue of Unity Rd, Kevadia, Gujarat 393155
Height: 182 m
Opened: 31 October 2018
Created: 31 October 2013–October 2018
Architect: Ram V. Sutar (Indian sculptor)
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| 77 | Dashrath Manjhi: The Mountain Man who worked for 22 years and carved a path through a mountain. | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | People laughed and made fun of him but he just continued with his work for 22 years. This was Dashrath Manjhi, famously known as the Mountain Man who single-handedly carved a path through a mountain. He gave 22 years of his life to his village and made a difference in the lives of the people of this small village in the state of Bihar.
Using only a hammer and chisel, Dashrath Manjhi, a landless farmer, carved a path through a mountain in the Gehlour Hills, Bihar just so that his village could have easier access to medical facilities.
Let's inspire ourselves to do the impossible and read some facts about the Mountain Man:
- The villagers had to travel 70 kilometres to reach the nearest town to get medical attention.
- In the year 1959, Dashrath Manjhi's wife Falguni Devi died from lack of medical care.
- In the memory of his wife, he carved the path in the Gehlour hills so that his village could have easier access to medical attention.
- He worked day and night for 22 years and broke down the hill.
- The path is 360 foot long and 25 foot deep.
- He shortened the distance from 70 kilometres to just one kilometre.
- He worked from 1960 to 1982.
- For his achievement, Manjhi became popularly known as the 'Mountain Man'.
- He died on August 17, 2007, at the age of 73, while suffering from gall bladder cancer.
- To honour his achievements, a hospital in his name is also proposed for serving the villagers.
- He was called the poor man's Shah Jahan by filmmaker Ketan Mehta who has also made a documentary on his life.
- His name was also proposed by the Bihar government for the Padma Shri award in 2006.
- When a movie on his life was announced, Manjhi was on his deathbed. He put his thumb impression on an agreement and gave away "exclusive rights" to make a film on his life.
- The mountain man was given a state funeral by the Government of Bihar.
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| 78 | Find a meaning in life to stay healthy, live long !!! | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | If you see some people around you who are always happier and healthier than others despite not being wealthy, they must have found meaning in their lives. According to researchers, many think about the meaning and purpose in life from a philosophical perspective, but the meaning in life is associated with better health, wellness and, perhaps, longevity.
Over the last three decades, meaning in life has emerged as an important question in medical research, especially in the context of an aging population.
The study found the presence of meaning in life is associated with better physical and mental well-being, while the search for meaning in life may be associated with worse mental well-being and cognitive functioning. The results also showed that the presence of meaning in life exhibited an inverted U-shaped relationship, while the search for meaning in life showed a U-shaped relationship with age.
The researchers found that age 60 is when the presence of meaning in life peaks and the search for the meaning of life was at its lowest point.
“When you find more meaning in life, you become more contented, whereas if you don’t have a purpose in life and are searching for it unsuccessfully, you will feel much more stressed out,”
The three-year study examined data from 1,042 adults, ages 21 to 100-plus living.
The presence and search for meaning in life were assessed with interviews, including meaning in life questionnaire where participants were asked to rate items, such as, “I am seeking a purpose or mission for my life” and “I have discovered a satisfying life purpose.”
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| 79 | Mahatma Gandhi: Father of the Nation, INDIA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Mahatma Gandhi, byname of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, (born October 2, 1869, Porbandar, India—died January 30, 1948, Delhi), Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India. As such, he came to be considered the father of India. Gandhi is internationally esteemed for his doctrine of nonviolent protest (satyagraha) to achieve political and social progress.
In the eyes of millions of his fellow Indians, Gandhi was the Mahatma (“Great Soul”). The unthinking adoration of the huge crowds that gathered to see him all along the route of his tours made them a severe ordeal; he could hardly work during the day or rest at night. “The woes of the Mahatmas,” he wrote, “are known only to the Mahatmas.” His fame spread worldwide during his lifetime and only increased after his death. The name Mahatma Gandhi is now one of the most universally recognized on earth.
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| 80 | Arjuna Award, INDIA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Arjuna Awards are given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in sports. Started in 1961, the award carries a cash prize of ₹500,000, a bronze statue of Arjuna and a scroll. Over the years, the scope of the award has been expanded and a large number of sportspersons who belonged to the pre-Arjuna Award era were also included in the list. Further, the number of disciplines for which the award is given was increased to include indigenous games and the physically handicapped category.
The government revises the criteria for the Arjuna Award over the years. As per the revised guidelines, to be eligible for the award, a sportsperson should not only have had good performance consistently for the previous four years at the international level with excellence for the year for which the award is recommended, but should also have shown qualities of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline. The total amount awarded is ₹350,000,000.
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| 81 | Train track stones (Railway Ballast) | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | A train journey can be a very soothing and wonderful travel experience. However, most of us must have wondered at least once in our lives why there are stones on railway tracks. These crushed stones are called track ballast and they help keep the train tracks in place. Track ballast is the collective term for the crushed stones on railway tracks. They form the trackbed and are packed around railway tracks. They form the ground for the railway sleepers which are used to keep the railway tracks upright and properly spaced. Some of the important functions of railway ballast are: To provide a firm and level bed for the sleepers to rest on. To allow for maintaining the correct track level without disturbing the rail roadbed. To drain off the water quickly and to keep the sleepers in dry conditions. To discourage the growth of vegetation. To protect the surface of formation and to form an elastic bed. To hold the sleepers in position during the passage of trains. To transmit and distribute the loads from the sleepers to the formation. To provide lateral stability to the track as a whole.
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| 82 | Largest cricket stadium: Motera, Gujarat, INDIA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | After the world's biggest statue of Sardar Patel in Vadodara now the Sardar Patel Gujarat Stadium in Motera will overtake the Melbourne Cricket Ground as the world’s largest cricket stadium. The audience capacity of this new stadium will be 1.10 lacs. The project's estimated cost is pegged at Rs 700 crore and it would cover approx. 63 acres of land. The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), Australian also simply known as "The G", is the world's largest cricket stadium in the world. This stadium has an audience capacity of around 1,00,024 and the Field size is 171 m x 146 m. But the Sardar Patel Gujarat Stadium, Ahmedabad will snatch this tag from MCG because now the Motera Stadium is going to be the world's largest cricket stadium soon.
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| 83 | 15th August : Independence Day Of INDIA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Independence Day is celebrated on 15 August every year in India. On 15 August 1947, India became independent from British rule and is a gazetted holiday in India. the day when the UK Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act 1947 transferring legislative sovereignty to the Indian Constituent Assembly. Independence coincided with the partition of India, in which British India was divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan. On 15 August 1947, the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag above the Lahori Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. On each subsequent Independence Day, the incumbent Prime Minister customarily raises the flag and gives an address to the nation. Independence Day is observed throughout India with flag-hoisting ceremonies.
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| 84 | Virat Kohli : Top Scorer In A Decade | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Virat Kohli scored his 43rd One-day International hundred, second consecutive and ninth against the West Indies in the decider of the three-match ODI series. India skipper Virat Kohli became the first and only batsman to have scored 20,000 international runs in a decade during the team's six-wicket win against West Indies on Wednesday (August 14, 2019). Kohli has scored 20502 runs in all formats out of which he has scored 20018 from 2010 onwards. Kohli made his Test and T20I debut in 2010 but had already scored 484 runs in ODI cricket by that point in the previous decade, having made his ODI debut in 2008.
Kohli's accomplishment takes him ahead of former Australia skipper Ricky Ponting, who held the record for the most international runs scored in a decade with 18962.
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| 85 | E-Bikes: Saviors of the Universe | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | It's hard to know what to make of the sudden rise of electric bikes. But one thing is certain. When it comes to CO2 emission reduction, it’s no contest between e-bikes and electric cars. Hey, not sure if you’ve heard, but here on planet Earth we’re in the midst of a climate crisis. In fact, the UN warns that we’ve got only 11 years left to prevent “irreparable damage to our planet.”
So unless you’re one of those people who hate the UN because they’re constantly buzzing you with their black helicopters, at this point you may be getting at least a little bit concerned for the future of humanity.
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| 86 | Amalfi Coast, Italy | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Italy's Amalfi Coast beckons to both adventure travellers and relaxation seekers.
The 13 cliffside towns that comprise this region offer picturesque hiking trails and several beaches to explore. You'll also find exquisite luxury hotels sharing real estate with colourful residences framed by greenery and imposing cliffs cascading down to the cobalt Mediterranean Sea.
In fact, one of the best ways to see the Amalfi Coast is on a boat tour. What's more, you'll discover delectable Italian fare and fresh seafood wherever you go.
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| 87 | The Maldives - A Tropical Haven | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Maldives, a tropical haven of immaculate beaches located in the Indian Ocean south of Sri Lanka, is an archipelago of 1,192 coral islands grouped into natural atolls, out of which only a few are inhabited. Time stands still in the Maldives as you lie on the white sand beaches, hearing the crystal clear waves crash against the seashore, swim with the manta rays and reef sharks and feast on a wide array of fishes with the locals.
The Maldives is ideal for an adventure, honeymoon or leisure holiday. Floating on the translucent waters, Maldives is a divine paradise for those looking for a getaway from the daily humdrum of city life, with unparalleled beauty. With its sun-kissed beaches, palm-fringed islands, crystalline lagoons, and pristine waters, Maldives enthrals and draws visitors all year round.
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| 88 | The Pokhran-II | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code-named Smiling Buddha, was conducted on May 1974. Pokhran-II consisted of five detonations, the first of which was a fusion bomb while the remaining four were fission bombs. The tests were initiated on 11 May 1998, under the assigned code name Operation Shakti, with the detonation of one fusion and two fission bombs. On 13 May 1998, two additional fission devices were detonated, and the Indian government led by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee shortly convened a press conference to declare India a full-fledged nuclear state. The tests resulted in a variety of sanctions against India by a number of major states, including Japan and the United States.
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| 89 | The Eiffel Tower, PARIS | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Eiffel Tower is a wrought iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world, 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. The tower is 324 meters (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-story building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man-made structure in the world. The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. The top level's upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift to the first and second levels.
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| 90 | Fastest mammal on land: CHEETAH | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The cheetah is a large cat of the subfamily Felinae that occurs in North, Southern and East Africa, and a few localities in Iran. By 2016, the global cheetah population has been estimated at approximately 7,100 individuals in the wild. African cheetahs may achieve successful hunts only running up to a speed of 64 km/h (40 mph) while hunting due to their exceptional ability to accelerate but are capable of accelerating up to 112 km/h (70 mph) on short distances of 100 m (330 ft). It is, therefore, the fastest land animal. Because of its prowess at hunting, the cheetah was tamed as early as the 16th century BC in Egypt to kill the game at hunts. Cheetahs have been widely depicted in art, literature, advertising, and animation.
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| 91 | Sushma Swaraj | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Sushma Swaraj was an Indian politician and a Supreme Court lawyer. A senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party, Swaraj served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government (2014–2019). She was the second woman to hold the office, after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Member of Parliament and three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. At the age of 25 in 1977, she became the youngest cabinet minister of the Indian state of Haryana. She also served as 5th Chief Minister of Delhi for a short duration in 1998. In the 2014 Indian general election, she won the Vidisha constituency in Madhya Pradesh for a second term, retaining her seat by a margin of over 400,000 votes. She became the Minister of External Affairs in the union cabinet on 26 May 2014. Swaraj was called India's "best-loved politician" by the US daily Wall Street Journal. She decided not to contest the 2019 Indian general election due to health reasons as she was recovering from a kidney transplant and needed to "save herself from dust and stay safe from infection" and hence did not join the Modi Ministry in 2019. According to the doctors at AIIMS New Delhi, she succumbed to a cardiac arrest following a heart attack on the night of 6 August 2019.
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| 92 | Brahmanandam Kanneganti | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Brahmanandam Kanneganti (born 1 February 1956) is an Indian film actor and comedian, known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema. He currently holds the Guinness World Record for the most screen credits for a living actor. He was honoured with Padma Shri, for his contribution to Indian cinema in 2009. Brahmanandam is regarded as one of the finest comic actors of India, noted particularly for his comic expressions. He has acted in more than 1,000 films to date and has been one of the most highly paid comedy actors in Indian Cinema. Brahmanandam has garnered five state Nandi Awards, one Filmfare Award South, six CineMAA Awards, and three South Indian International Movie Awards for best comedy.
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| 93 | India Hockey | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | India's national sport has seen the best of times and the worst of times. In the decades before and after independence, India was a powerhouse in hockey. The names of hockey legends such as Dhyan Chand are still taken in awed reverence. The Indian Hockey Federation was founded in 1927. The following year, India participated in Olympic hockey for the very first time in the Amsterdam Games. Captain Jaipal Singh's leadership and Dhyan Chand's wizardry helped India to a landmark gold medal. India continued their golden ways in hockey in the next two Olympics. In the post-independence era, India clinched the gold medal in the 1948 London Olympics. India's winning streak ended in the 1960 Rome Olympics when rivals Pakistan beat them in the finals. India made a comeback in one final burst of glory in the Moscow Olympics of 1980.
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| 94 | Shanghai Maglev: Fastest train in the World | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Shanghai Maglev Train or Shanghai Transrapid is a magnetic levitation train (maglev) line that operates in Shanghai. The line is the third commercially operated maglev line in history (after the British Birmingham Maglev and the German M-Bahn), the oldest commercial maglev still in operation, and the first commercial high-speed maglev. It is also the fastest commercial electric train in the world having a top speed of 431km/h. It cost $1.2 billion to build. The line's balance of payments has been in huge deficit since its opening. From 2004 to 2006, Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co. Ltd, the company which runs the line, had more than one billion RMB in losses. The line's lack of profitability derives from its construction for political reasons as a test project for the future of China's rail infrastructure, rather than as a viable market solution for the needs of travellers.
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| 95 | Devil's Triangle: BERMUDA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle or Hurricane Alley, this legendary expanse of ocean can be found between the points of Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico, is a loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean where a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances. Most reputable sources dismiss the idea that there is any mystery. Pilots often tell of their instruments going haywire and numerous ships have been lost at sea. With explanations ranging from gas bubbles to aliens, no one is sure what is behind the strange phenomena.
Did you know:: The Bermuda Triangle has as many ship and plane disappearances as any other region of the ocean.
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| 96 | The Multirole Fighter: SUKHOI | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Sukhoi Su-30MKI is a twinjet multirole air superiority fighter developed by Russia's Sukhoi and built under license by India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF). A variant of the Sukhoi Su-30, it is a heavy, all-weather, long-range fighter. The development of the variant started after India signed a deal with Russia in 2000 to manufacture 140 Su-30 fighter jets. The first Russian-made Su-30MKI variant was accepted into the Indian Air Force in 2002, while the first indigenously assembled Su-30MKI entered service with the IAF in 2004. The IAF had 240 Su-30MKIs in service as of October 2017. The Su-30MKI is expected to form the backbone of the Indian Air Force's fighter fleet to 2020 and beyond. The aircraft is tailor-made for Indian specifications and integrates Indian systems and avionics as well as French and Israeli sub-systems.
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| 97 | WhatsApp: Cross-Platform Messaging App | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | WhatsApp Messenger is a freeware, cross-platform messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP) service owned by Facebook. It allows users to send text messages and voice messages, makes voice and video calls, and share images, documents, user locations, and other media. The service requires users to provide a standard cellular mobile number for registering with the service. The client application was created by WhatsApp Inc. of Mountain View, California, which was acquired by Facebook in February 2014 for approximately US$19.3 billion. By February 2018, WhatsApp had over one and a half billion users, making it the world's most popular messaging application at the time. It has become the primary means of communication in multiple countries, including Brazil, India, Pakistan and large parts of Europe, including the United Kingdom and France.
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| 98 | Indian Premier League: IPL | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India contested during March or April and May of every year by eight teams representing eight different cities in India. The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2008. IPL has an exclusive window in ICC Future Tours Programme. The IPL is the most-attended cricket league in the world and in 2014 ranked sixth by average attendance among all sports leagues. In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event in the world to be broadcast live on YouTube.The brand value of IPL in 2018 was US$6.3 billion, according to Duff & Phelps. According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹11.5 billion to the GDP of the Indian.economy.There have been twelve seasons of the IPL tournament. The current IPL title holders are the Mumbai Indians, who won the 2019 season.
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| 99 | Chandrayaan-2 | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Chandrayaan-2 is India's second lunar exploration mission after Chandrayaan-1. Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the mission was launched from the second launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July 2019 at 2.43 PM IST to the Moon by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III. The main scientific objective is to map the location and abundance of lunar water. The lander and the rover will land on the near side of the Moon, in the south polar region at a latitude of about 70° south on 7 September 2019. The wheeled Pragyan rover will move on the lunar surface and will perform on-site chemical analysis for a period of 14 days. A successful landing would make India the fourth country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, after the space agencies of the USSR, the USA, and China.
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| 100 | Chandrayaan-1 | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Chandrayaan-1 was the first Indian lunar probe under the Chandrayaan program. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008 and operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. India launched the spacecraft using a PSLV-XL rocket, serial number C11, on 22 October 2008 at 00:52 UTC from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, at Sriharikota about 80 km north of Chennai. The mission was a major boost to India's space program, as India researched and developed its own technology in order to explore the Moon. The vehicle was inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008. On 14 November 2008, the Moon Impact Probe separated from the Chandrayaan orbiter at 14:36 UTC and struck the south pole in a controlled manner, making India the fourth country to place its flag on the Moon. The probe hit near the crater Shackleton at 15:01 UTC, ejecting sub-surface soil that could be analyzed for the presence of lunar water ice. The location of impact was named as Jawahar Point. The estimated cost for the project was ₹386 crores (US$56 million).
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| 101 | Leg Before Wicket: LBW | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Law 36 of the MCC's laws of cricket still have peoples' heads in a spin - exactly how does the lbw law work? To the uninitiated, the leg before wicket dismissal is to cricket what the offside law is to football. But the lbw law is not as complicated as some people may think. It is governed by certain principles that, once mastered, make the law simple to understand. And that is exactly what this guide will aim to do! The umpire will consider an lbw decision if he believes the ball would have hit the stumps had its path not been obstructed by the batsman's pads or body. But the umpire also has to take certain factors into consideration before making a decision.
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| 102 | Symbol of Eternal Love: Taj Mahal | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The 'Taj Mahal' can be referred to as a symbol of eternal love since Shah Jahan built it for his beloved queen upon her death in 1631 A.D. It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.
It is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Taj Mahal was built by Emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his wife Empress Mumtaz Mahal.
Its matchless beauty draws visitors from all parts of the world. The Taj Mahal got the highest ranking among the seven wonders of the world after the biggest online poll at new7wonders.com.
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| 103 | BABASAHEB: Architect of the Constitution of INDIA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | 'Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar' was born on 14 April 1891 in Mhow town of Madhya Pradesh, India. He was the son of Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai. His father served in the Indian Army at the Mhow cantonment. He became one of the first Dalit (untouchables) to obtain a college education in India, eventually earning a law degree and doctorates for his study and research in law, economics, and political science. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is popularly known as 'Babasaheb'. He was an Indian jurist, political leader, philosopher, anthropologist, historian, orator, economist, teacher, editor, prolific writer, revolutionary and a revivalist for Buddhism in India. He became the 1st Law Minister of India. He became the Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee. For his contributions, he was awarded 'Bharat Ratna'. Ambedkar died on 6 December 1956 at his home in Delhi.
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| 104 | KONARK: The Sun Temple, ODISHA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Konark Sun Temple' is a 13th century Sun Temple at Konark, in Orissa. It is also known as the 'Black Pagoda'. The name Konark is derived from the Sanskrit word Kona (meaning corner) and word Arka (means sun) in reference to the temple which was dedicated to the Sun god Surya. The temple is one of the most renowned temples in India and is a World Heritage Site. Konark Sun Temple is also a paragon of Oriyan art and architecture. The temple was built by the Ganga dynasty ruler, Narsimha Dev I in 13th century. It took 12 years to complete this temple. Although parley in runes, its colossal size, intricate stone artwork and diversity of themes expressed, simply take one's breath away. Rabindra Nath Tagore described it as 'poetry in stone'.
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| 105 | HIV/AIDS: Need to be Alert | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Since the 1980s, there has been a lot of debate regarding the origin of HIV and many theories have been formulated. Many people suggest that HIV/Aids originated from Africa, but, is it really true? Some believe that the deadly disease was manufactured in a laboratory by scientists. That the HIV virus is man-made! As if this weren’t enough, conspiracy theorists also believe that the cure for HIV/AIDS has been found. But hasn’t it been shared with the world? Why are they afraid of? Or are they using the HIV/AIDS disease as a weapon?
It’s only a matter of time before the secret cure is revealed to the world.
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| 106 | KFC: The Secret Recipe | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Ever wondered what recipe KFC uses while preparing its meals? Well, stop wondering, you will never know. The recipe is a top world secret that the company has managed to keep undisclosed ever since it was set up. The secret recipe was made by Herland Sanders in 1930 at Kentucky. His famous chicken dish which he sold to the residents in North Cabin, was so delicious such that everyone talked about it. With this success, Mr Sanders’s business grew so rapidly that he had to form a chain of restaurants across the world. Today, KFC is among the biggest restaurants in the world. Perhaps, this can be attributed to its secret recipe that has remained a mystery to the public. The recipe is secretly kept at the headquarters of the company and is highly guarded.
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| 107 | STONEHENGE: The Hanging Stones | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England. It consists of a ring of standing stones, with each standing stone around 13 feet high, seven feet wide and weighing around 25 tons. Archaeologists believe it was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the first bluestones were raised between 2400 and 2200 BC, although they may have been at the site as early as 3000 BC.
One of the most famous landmarks in the United Kingdom, Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. It has been a legally protected Scheduled Ancient Monument since 1882 when legislation to protect historic monuments was first successfully introduced in Britain. The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986. Stonehenge is owned by the Crown and managed by English Heritage; the surrounding land is owned by the National Trust. Stonehenge could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings. Deposits containing human bone date from as early as 3000 BC, when the ditch and bank were first dug, and continued for at least another five hundred years.
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| 108 | Save the Earth: Protect The Human Race | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The Earth is our home, just as it is of millions of other life forms. If we do not protect our home, we may lose it. Then we would be homeless, and along with all life forms, we would perish. If we wish to protect the human race and all the other life forms, we must ensure that the planet we live on is protected. The Earth sustains life because of the natural resources like sunshine, air-water, and vegetation available on the planet. We can protect the Earth by not polluting and destroying it. Due to many of man’s activities, there has been a continuous degradation of the Earth, and its resources like air, land, and water. Air pollution, deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution are some of the environmental problems confronting us. By pollution and environmental degradation, life on Earth is threatened. We must, therefore, save the Earth.
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| 109 | LOVE: An Intense Feeling of Deep Affection. | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | Love brings about peace, harmony, and joy between individuals. Love is a positive and healthy attitude. When love governs an interaction or a relationship there is no place for negative qualities such as jealousy, greed, violence, and anger. Parents flourish in love with their children. Parents are willing to undertake any kind of discomfort and pain for the sake of their children’s well-being, happiness, and comfort. Children too love their parents. They show their love through respect and gratitude for their parents.
Love is expressed in many different ways. Love can be shown even through small acts. A thoughtful deed can be the expression of one’s love for another. For example, giving your mother a glass of water when she needs it is an expression of your love for her. In marriage too it is love that brings two individuals together in harmony and joy and makes for a happy marriage.
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| 110 | The Great Wall of China | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The most famous border wall, the Great Wall of China is one of the world’s largest building construction projects. Although widely believed to be about 5,500 miles long, in 2012 China released a (disputed) study that claimed the wall was actually 13,170 miles in length—more than half of the Earth’s circumference. Construction began in northern China in the 7th century BCE and continued for two millennia. Up to one million workers reportedly died during its construction—giving the wall the nickname “longest cemetery on Earth.” However, the wall did little to prevent invasions. In the early 13th century, for example, Genghis Khan and his Mongolian army easily breached the barrier. According to scholars, “the wall never worked” and provided more “political propaganda” than actual security.
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| 111 | Symbol of Divinity and Spirituality: SWASTIKA | NewsFeed/Article | STD 1, STD 2, STD 3, STD 4, STD 5, STD 6, STD 7, STD 8, STD 9, STD 10, STD 11, STD 12 | The swastika or sauwastika is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon in the culture of Eurasia. The Swastika is used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indian religions. In the Western world, it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s, when it became a feature of Nazi symbolism as an emblem of Aryan identity. As a result of World War II and the Holocaust, most people in the Western World associate it with Nazism and antisemitism. The name Swastika comes from Sanskrit word Swastik(Devanagari) i.e "conducive to well being" or "auspicious".In Hinduism, the symbol with arms pointing clockwise is called swastika, symbolizing Surya(sun), prosperity and good luck, while the counterclockwise symbol is called sauvastika, symbolizing night or tantric aspects of Kali.
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